Deborah Cowen s The Deadly Life Of Logistics Essay

In many aspects globalization is usually described as a process where due to an increase in trade, technology and cultural exchange the world is getting more interconnected making distances less and less which is giving rise to a capitalist economy. According to (Wallerstein 2004), â€Å"world economy has always been capitalist†. It’s like everyone is specialized to perform a certain task and that’s how the idea of division of labour is built within us which ties us to the system of capitalism. Competition and the will to earn more is ingrained which creates state subsidies and makes strong states to use their power to prevent weaker states from succeeding. However, Deborah Cowen’s The Deadly Life of Logistics published in 2014 by the University of Minnesota Press justifies globalization in a very complex way which opens the eyes of readers to the violent aspects relating to it. In the title words such as â€Å"trade† and â€Å"logistics† may deceive some users with the content contained in the book to business decisions and the revolution in military affairs. Nonetheless, this is not the case as this book aims to describe the art and the science of logistics. Cowen suggests that logistics is part of the reason of the changing world in political agendas, security levels, rise of global production, labour practices and warfare. Cowen uses critical theory to elaborate the revolution in logistics by going through the civilization of logistics and going in depth of the economic and andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesUniversity of Minnesota and George Washington University. His MBA and Ph.D. are from the University of Minnesota, with a BBA from Drake University. Before coming into academia, he spent thirteen years in retailing with the predecessor of Kmart (S. S. Kresge), JCPenney, and Dayton-Hudson and its Target subsidiary. He held positions in store management, central buying, and merchandise management. His first textbook, Marketing: Management and Social Change, was published in 1972. It was ahead

The Justice And Injustice Of Kill A Mockingbird And 12...

The Justice and Injustice in To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men The novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the film 12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose have many similarities and differences in relation to the theme of justice and injustice. The purpose of this essay is to explore these similarities and differences and find more in depth meaning to these two texts. In both To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men, Atticus and Juror No. 8 abstain from commonly held prejudice views and try to uphold justice fairly. In the novel, it deals with the fact that it is a black man s word over a white s and in the film it also has a theme of prejudice as the boy is criticised because of where he lives. Justice did not prevail in To Kill A Mockingbird, where as this was the case in 12 Angry Men where justice was served. Throughout this essay I will highlight some literary techniques and elements such as characters, theme, metaphors, hyperboles and irony. In both To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men, Atticus and Juror No.8 uphold justice fairly by avoiding commonly held prejudice views. In 12 Angry Men Juror No.8 started out as the only man in the jury that had any second thoughts about the boys guilt, even though the rest of the jury voted guilty. He, much like Atticus, looked at the evidence rationally and found holes in that evidence which he pointed out to the rest of the jury. In To Kill A Mockingbird Atticus stood up for Tom Robinson, not just that, he fought for Tom sShow MoreRelatedJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesan individual has on justice, and the truth that they personally seek, are the deciding factors in determining what the true meaning of righteousness is for an individual. The perspective of justice a person has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by RobertRead MoreJustice vs Revenge1325 Words   |  6 PagesJustice is part of revenge; as also for revenge is part of justice. â€Å"Justice† comes from a Latin word that means â€Å"straight, fair, equal†, it’s the quality of being righteous and loyal towards one’s state, although serves the interests of the stronger (Hourani, 1962), while revenge is the act of taking retaliation for injuries or wrongs. What ever the circumstances are being the individual who experiences a unjust act, results in the hunt for one of these two things: Justice or revenge. What are theRead MoreJem Character Analysis1101 Words   |  5 PagesWho was Jeremy (Jem) Finch or in other words, who had he become towards the end of the novel? In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem was one of the most important character throughout the novel.In my perspective, Jem was a noble and brave kid and grew up way too fast for his age. In the beginning of the novel, he was barely 10 years old and in the end, he was nearly 13 years old. He had experienced difficult life time events that changed his life and he understood how life was backRead MoreJasper Jones Study Guide6848 Words   |  28 Pages...................... 10 Race and Ethnicity................................................................................................................................. 11 To Kill a Mockingbird (TKAM)................................................................................................................ 12 Australian Culture ................................................................................................................................. 14 Language and Narrative Technique

CURRENT EVENTS 1945

CURRENT EVENTS: 1945-1996 Essay 1945On April 12 Harry S. Truman became President of the United States of America., In Washington, D.C. On August 6 at 9:15 a.m. US fighter planes dropped an Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Japan. In Berlin, Germany on April 30, Adolf Hitler was found dead, Hitler committed suicide. 1946On October 16 in Nurenburg, 9 Nazi war criminals were hanged for the crimes during WW II. On April 25 Big Four Ministers met in Paris to finalize a treaty with Germany, to end WWII. In Austria Queens New York, on October 22, Chester Carlos tried his experiment that is commonly known as the Xerox machine. 1947On November 20, in England, Queen Elizabeth gets married to her cousin Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On November 2, at the Long Beach Harbor, in Los Angeles, the Spruce Goose, the worlds largest airplane, flies for the first time. It got to 70 feet and flew for a mile. On April 7, in the US, Henry Ford dies at the age of 83. 1948On July 7, in Cleveland, Satchel Paige, a Negro sidearm pitcher, signed a contract to pitch for the all white Cleveland Indians, against the Yankees. In Washington, D.C. on June 24, President Harry S Truman signs a new Draft Act, requiring men 19 to 25 to register for the US military. On January Mohandas K Gahndi was assassinated at 78, in India, he died 20 minutes after being shot. 1949On the continent of the United States, Albert Einstein presents his gravitational theory to the world, on December 26. On July 27, Captain John Cunningham, a WW II fighter ace, flies the first jet airline, the Comet, from Britain. On October 10 in New York, Jackie Robinson wins the World Series MVP1950On January 25 the North Korean Reds invade Southern Korea by crossing the 38 Th parallel, a line set to separate the Korean land given to the Russians after WWII. On July 31 President Truman, from the White House in Washington, D.C., authorizes military build up in Korea, to stop the communist invasion of southern Korea. On August 21, in the US, Negro tennis player, Althea Gibson, becomes the first Negro to be admitted to pro tennis. 1951On January 15 the UN slows down the attack by North Korea and China in Korea. On November 28 the UN makes the 38 Th parallel a truce line for North Korea and South Korea, putting an end to the Korean war. In October, in New York the Yankees beat the Mets to win the World Series. 1952On March 5, in Washington, D.C., Dwight Eisenhower becomes president of the United States by a landslide. In Cuba on March ; the US signs a military aid pact with Cuba. On January 1 Illinois defeats Stanford 40-7 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. 1953On March 5 in Moscow, Joseph Stalin dies in a hospital, sometime before 10:00 p.m., after suffering from a heart attack. On June 2, in England, Elizabeth the II is crowned queen of England. On September 2 in Newport, Rhode Island, John Fitzgerald Kennedy gets married to Jacqueline Lee Buoveir. 1954On January 31 in Berlin the Big 4 met to discuss concerns for atomic weaponry. The Nautilus, the first US atomic submarine, is launched from Connecticut, at a harbor in Groton, on January 21. Joe Dimaggio got married to Marilyn Monroe at the San Francisco City Hall, on January 14. 1955On July 18 in Anaheim, California, Disneyland opens Never Never Land. The Big Four at Geneva on July 23 decided to discuss the problems in Europe at a later date, sometime in October. French tanks, in Morocco, on July 27, halt Moroccan riots, killing 56 people in the process. 1956On February 24 in Montgomery, Alabama buses are being boycotted, which was started by Rosa parks have gotten about 115 Negroes arrested. In April the Supreme Court rules that Negroes can ride buses with equal rights in Virginia, and will soon be enforced in 12 other southern counties. On March 22 in Montgomery, Alabama, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a reverend, and equality movement leader, was arrested and found guilty for orchestrating the bus boycotts. 1957On January 21 President Eisenhower is sworn in for his second term as president, in Washington, D.C. On January 4 the UN reopened the Suez Canal, after repairing damage done during the Suez Canal incident. On January 10 in Britain, Harold Macmillian replaced Anthony Eden as prime minister of Britain. 1958On February 1, the US launched its first space satellite from Cape Canaveral Florida. On February 25 former Cuban President Carlos Prio Socarras was arrested for planning an invasion of the US. Painter Georges Rouault, famous deep faith painter, died at 86 in Paris on Fe1959On Mat 28, two Monkeys, that were sent on an American space trip, a seven-pound rebus monkey named Able, and Baker, a 1 pound squirrel monkey, were picked up alive and well after landing in the Atlantic Ocean. On May 27 ex Secretary of State Forester Dulles died of cancer. On May 1 in Brazil, Claire Boothe Luce, resigned as ambassador of Brazil. 1960On November 9, in Washing ton DC, John F Kennedy is elected president of the United States of America. On November 12 the Discoverer XVII was launched into space from Vandenburgh Air Force Base. On November 16 Clark Gable died of a heart condition in Hollywood.1961On May 25 Alan B Sheppard Jr. was the first American in space for 15 minutes. On May 20, in Montana, freedom riders were beaten by 1,000 white men, 20 with clubs. On November 22 in Montgomery, Alabama, 400 National Guardsmen fight with a white mob, besieging Dr. king and 1,500 others in Dr. Kings church at the time. 1962On October 28 a new agreement between Kennedy and Cuban premier Khrushchev put an end to the terrible week, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. On February 26 Lt. Col John H Glenn Jr., is the first American to orbit earth. On August 5 in Los Angeles, Marilyn Monroe was found dead, with a vial of sleeping pills beside her. 1963On August 28 200,000 people crowded the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. give his I Have a Dream speech. On November 22, in Dallas, Texas, Lee Harvey Oswald, Assassinated American President John F Kennedy. On November 25 in DC, JFK was buried in Arlington Cemetery as the nation mourns. 1964Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wins the Noble Peace Prize on December 10On December 16 Massachusetts Senator Edward Kennedy walked out of a hospital after six months, because of a broken spine, received in a plane accident. On December 10 near Jackson, Mississippi, 21 Ku Klux Klan members were arrested1965On March 28 25,00 civil rights demonstrators led by Dr. King and Abernathy, walked 50 miles from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. On March 18 Soviet Aleksei A Leonov Became the first man to leave the spacecraft in space. On February 15, Nat King Cole Dies. 1966On March 19 the Gemini 8 piloted by Neil Armstrong and David Scott, made the first two craft space docking with the Agena spacecraft. On June 6, Cape Canaveral sent an unmanned spacecraft to film the moon, the Gemini 9. On November 8, State Attorney General Edward W Brooke, was elected by popular vote, to become the first Negro senator. 1967On August 30 Thurgood Marshall becomes the first Negro on the supreme court, Washington, D.C. Progressive Era EssayIsrael invaded Lebanon in June to attempt to end PLO attacks. 1983On April 18 in Beirut, the US Embassy Building was bombed. 40 was the total death toll, with eight dead Americans and eight more presumed dead. Police believed the bombing was a suicide attack, by a man driving a car with 300 pounds of TNT. On April 13, the state of Chicago elects its first black mayor, Harold Washington. On September 1, a Korean Boeing 747 was gunned down by Soviet army jets. No explanation was given on why the Soviet Union gunned down the commercial flight, but the 269 passengers all died. 1984In July of 84, the Los Angeles Olympics opened like a Hollywood show. Economic reforms in China begin. On December 3, in Bhopal ,India, 50 tons of methyl isocyanide escaped into the air, from American pesticide company, Union Carbide.2,500 people died and over 100,000 were injured from the gas leak. 1985On January 21, due to cold weather and Americas premier winter sporting event, President Ronald Reagan was sworn in for his second term twice. Once legally and once for the American people. Reagan re-enacted the presidential oath on the day after, Super Bowl Sunday. On September 19 a earthquake the it Mexico, registered at 8.1. The earthquake hit Mexico City hard, damaging thousands homes and buildings. Combined with the 7.5 after shock, 20,000 people died. On November 1920 Ronald Reagan and Mikael Gorbachev had a summit to lay ground work for a disarmaments agreement and better US, Soviet relations. 1986At 11:38 a.m. the Challenger lifted off for 74 seconds before it exploded, killing the crew, as a horrified nation watched. Francis R Scab, the pilot, Michael J Smith, astronauts Judith A Resnik, Ronald E McNair, Ellision S Onizuka, Gregory B Jarvis, and a high school teacher from Concord, New Hamshpire, Crista McAullfie. On July 4 at Midnight all ships from dinghies to cruise ships are bobbing in the New York Bay, as fireworks went off in the air to celebrate the 100 Th birthday of the Statue of Liberty. On APRIL 26 in the Ukraine, Chernobyl nuclear power plant reactor 4 began to release radio activity. This is the first time a accident occurred in reactor 4. This is the worst Nuclear accident in the history of the world1987On October 19 the stock market had the largest drop in history. It dropped 508 points and 604 million shares changed hands. It became known as Black Monday. The Meech Lake Accords were worked out in 87. The accords were supposed to give Canada a constitution but the accords werent voted in. In December of 87 Palestinians living on the Gaza Strip, began an uprising against Israel because of 20 years of Israel occupation of the Gaza Strip. 1988In November George Bush a republican is elected in Washington DC, to be the 41st president of the United States of America. During the year of 1988 the largest banking scandal in United States history occurred. The Bank of Commerce and Credit International, had nine executives arrested along with 76 employees for money laundering. On December 21 Pan American Boeing 747, to go to London from New York, exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland. The reportedly placed at the Rhiem-Meir airport in Germany, killed the 259 people on the plane and 11 people on the ground. This is one of the worst Arab. terrorist attacks ever. 1989Shortly after midnight on December 20, the United States invaded Panama to force Manuel Noriega out of power. Noriega was sought out for charges of smuggling drugs from Panama to the United States. On March 24 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez wrecked, I Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling over 200,000 barrels of oil into the water. It was the worst American oil spill in history. On November 9 the Berlin wall opened and West and East Germany became one nation again. 1991On January 16 the United States attacked Iraq for invading Kuwait. The American attack was called operation Desert Storm. On December 8 the three republic of the Soviet Union, formed a new federation to end the Soviet Union. The Pittsburgh Penguins win their first Stanley Cup. 1992In November, Bill Clinton, a Democrat from Arkansas, is elected 42nd president of the United States. On April 30 the not guilty verdict, by an all white jury, for the Los Angeles cops that beat Rodney King, started LA riots. More than 50 people were killed and over one billion dollars in property damage was reported. Innocent bystanders were beaten, stores were looted, and buildings were set on fire. The Pittsburgh Penguins win their 2nd title and go back to back. 1993On January 20, the 42nd President, Bill Clinton, is sworn into office. In the middle of the work day on February 26, huge explosioned ripped through one of the World Trade Center towers. 6 people were killed, 1,000 injured. This being the biggest terrorist attack in the United States, the bomb was said to weigh 1,210 pounds. It was in a car in the parking lot, 50,000 were evacuated through stairwells. Ahmad M Ajaj, Nidal A Ayyad, Mahmud Abouhalima, and two others were arrested. On October 6, Chicago Bulls star, Michael Jordan, retires. The superstar, with many scoring titles and three rings, later signed a contract to play baseball for the White Sox, but was sent to the minors. 1994Starting on June 17, and lasting until July 17, The World Cup, soccers World Series, was held in the us for the first time. It started with a game between Germany and Bolivia in Chicago, and ended in Los Angeles after Brazil defeated Italy for the cup. Other games were held in Detroit, San Francisco, Dallas, Washington DC, New York and Orlando. Amman Jordan Israel Prime minister and Jordans Prime Minister Abd as-Salam al-Majali, initialized a peace treaty between their two nations in Israel. It ended enmity since the State of Israel came to be in 1948OJ Simpson was arrested for suspected murder of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. He was captured after a slow speed chase, in a white ford bronco, driven by his friend AC. They drove on a LA highway1995On January 17, the biggest earthquake in 50 years hit Japan. It was 7.2 on the Richter scale. It heavily damaged Kobe, killing 5,000 people over a 60 mile radius. 31,000 buildings and homes were destroyed, 275,000 people were homeless. The massive earthquake only lasted 20 seconds. OJ Simpson was acquitted on his murder charges of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman. 19 Israelis were killed, 60 others wounded when two suicide bombers blew up a crowded bus stop in Tel-Aviv. The militant group Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility. 1996In April of 96 the Menendez brothers were convicted of murdering their parents a few years ago, and were sentenced to life in prison. The Chicago Bulls break a NBA record by wining 70 game in one season. The 73-9 Bulls, broke the record set by the Los Angeles Lakers was 69. In April of 96, Ted Kaszinski was arrested in suspicion of being the unibomber. Teds brother David told someone who told the FBI, that Ted may be the unibobmer after seeing some of Teds writing and its similarty with the unibombers. Another reason was David noticed that most of the places the bomb were sent from, his brother was living in a the time. This, if Ted is convicted, could end the longest manhunt in FBI history.

What are the tensions between modern and classical liberalism Essay Example

What are the tensions between modern and classical liberalism Essay The ideas of modern liberals are quite different from those of classical liberals. However, even though there are tensions between the two forms of liberalism over a variety of topics, they nevertheless agree on the main liberalistic concept on individualism, the belief in individual sovereignty, that individuals should be the ultimate decision makers on how they behave. In spite of this fundamental consensus, there is a still tension between classical and modern liberalists over numerous topics, such as over the concept of the state, their views on equality of opportunity, and also over their belied of freedom. The first cause of tension between classical and modern liberals is their differing opinions concerning the state. Classical liberals subscribe to the idea of negative freedom. This is the idea of an absence of and government interference and external constraints of the individuals self-regarding acts. Negative freedom suggests a clear distinction between the individual and the state. Since all liberals subscribe to the Hobbesian view of human nature the belief that all people are selfish, aggressive and competitive. Therefore the state acts in its own interest, and is also oppressive, imposing a collective upon society, thus limiting the freedom and responsibilities of the individual. Despite this, classical liberals see the state as a necessary evil. They therefore believe in a minimal state, acting only to maintain domestic order and personal security, known to classical liberals as a night watchman state. However, although modern liberals also believe that the state is a necessary evil, they believe that a state is more of a necessity, while classical liberals see it as being more evil. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the tensions between modern and classical liberalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What are the tensions between modern and classical liberalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What are the tensions between modern and classical liberalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Modern liberals are believers in positive freedom. The philosopher T. H. Green argued against negative freedom, saying that the unrestrained to pursuit of profit had given rise to new forms of poverty and injustice. The economic liberty of the few had shattered and reduced the life chances of many. According to Green, individuals had sympathy for one another and had the capability of being altruistic. He argued that negative freedom in business would allow a businessman to employ labour at the cheapest rate possible, thus exploiting workers and impeding on their liberty. Freedom of choice in the market, was, therefore an inadequate conception of individual liberty. For this reason Green developed the idea of positive freedom which would give people freedom. Hence he developed the idea of positive freedom which would give people freedom from the social evils which crippled peoples lives. Freedom is therefore the ability of the individual to develop and achieve individuality. This involves the ability of individual to realise their own potential, attain skills, knowledge and achieve fulfilment. The working class is therefore held back by the disadvantages of poverty, sickness, unemployment and ignorance.

The Case Against the Minimum Wage essays

The Case Against the Minimum Wage essays The issue of government mandated minimum wages did not begin in America. Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, and France all had some sort of minimum wage program before it began in the United States with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) in 1938 (Nordlund, 1997, pp. xv, and 1). While the FLSA was completely necessary legislation in its day, today, the Federal Minimum Wage, which was a part of the FLSA, is nothing if not controversial. Many experts believe the minimum wage is no longer necessary and even adds to unemployment and poverty. The case against the minimum wage is strong today, for many reasons. One economic expert notes, These [minimum wage] programs are one element in the fabric of the economy that affects the relationship between economic sectors and individual economic participants but whose impacts are large or small, depending on the character of the legislation, the state of the economy, the level of enforcement, and a host of other variables As the writer notes, minimum wage programs are simply one "element in the fabric" of the nation's economy, but to keep the fabric whole, many believe the minimum wage programs must be modified greatly, or erased altogether, because when wages go up, workers lose jobs, and also lose employment opportunities, as other experts note. "A 1998 study by Burkhauser, Couch, and Wittenberg reaffirms earlier findings that raising the minimum wage reduces teenage employment, with a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage leading to employment losses of 1 to 3 percent" (Editors, 1999). Many Americans believe increasing the minimum wage will increase the income of America's lowest paid workers, but this is not always the case. Increasing the minimum wage often causes employers to cut back positions to avoid increased costs, so increasing the minimum wage can actually lead to minimum wage earners l...

TJN Interview Questions Why are you looking for a new job

TJN Interview Questions Why are you looking for a new job When you’re prepping for a job interview, you are trying to play defense before the other team is even on the field. Before you shake hands, sit down, and make small talk with an interviewer, you need to anticipate (at least a little) of what’s coming up in the heart of the interview. Many of those questions will be about your specific qualifications and skills. But you also need to be ready for the more personal, reflective questions, like, â€Å"Why are you looking for a new job?† Let’s look at some tips for making sure you have your answer ready to go. Be honest†¦If you’re looking for a job because you lost your previous one, it’s okay to say so. It’s true that the stats are with people who already have a job when they start looking for another, but if you’re cagey about whether you’re still employed and it comes out in a background check that you’re not, well, that makes you look dishonest (even if youâ₠¬â„¢re only trying to avoid looking desperate).If you lost your job due to a layoff, you can tell the interviewer that your previous company was downsizing or reorganizing- most people have been through that at one time or another and they get it. If you left your previous job for personal reasons, it’s okay to say that too- although you don’t want to go into too many details, given that the interviewer is technically not allowed to use your family status or other protected personal details against you. In a case like that, it’s fine to say that you’ve taken some time off to deal with personal/family issues, and that you’re ready to take your skills and experience and get back in the game.†¦but not too honest.If you were fired, it’s a little trickier- but you can still finesse it a bit. You can spin it as a â€Å"lessons learned† situation where you emerged stronger and smarter, with renewed career goals. The words â€Å"it just wasn’t a good fit for me† is a solid baseline, and then you can use that to pivot into a list of the positive reasons why a company or job like this one would be a better match for the assets you bring. But again, remember that if things ended badly at your last job it may come up during the vetting process. It’s better to keep things a little vague rather than offer details that could be seen later as dishonest.Don’t talk smack about your previous job/employer.When an interviewer asks you why you’re on the hunt for a new job, they know the answer isn’t going to be â€Å"because I love my current job and boss so very much.† However, resist the urge to use this as an opportunity to vent your frustrations. If you hate your job, think about the core reasons why. Is it because you weren’t given enough challenging projects? Were there not enough opportunities for growth and development? Was the company’s culture not a good fi t? See this as an opportunity to underline why this job would be a better application for your skills and how you see yourself growing into the role.When you prepare to talk about why you’re looking for another job, the most important part is finding the right tone somewhere in the middle of â€Å"I want more money† and â€Å"if I don’t get out of my current job, I’m going to lose my mind.† The interviewer is looking for red flags, true, but they’re also looking to see if you’re able to end one phase of your career and start a new one gracefully and professionally.

Critically assess the impact of either the US, Israel or Iran on the Essay

Critically assess the impact of either the US, Israel or Iran on the regional politics of the Middle East - Essay Example The leaders of both countries have been successful in pursuing common goals on security through the development of closer relations which are based on shared religious affinities and democratic values (Migdalovitz 2006). Israel is the major recipient of U.S. aid and it purchases most of its weapon systems from America and in so doing Israel has been able to maintain a qualitative military edge in the Middle East. Israel is facing serious security threats from the Arab Spring presented by instabilities in Lebanon, Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula, Syria and Jordan as these political movements are planning attacks on Israel. This move has made the relationship between Israel and U.S. to worsen given that Israel perceive that United States is not concerned about its welfare but just to attain its goal. However, it is the contribution of the US that has discouraged the outbreak of major Israel-Arab interstate conflict for over 40 years (Huband 2006). The U.S.-Israel relationship The relati onship between U.S. and Israel is not based on friendship but rather on different interests of the two countries in the Middle East. ... allistic missiles as well as bring to an end the Islamist inspired terrorism such as Hamas, Hezbollah, al-Qaeda and other Islamists and Jihadists groups. Given that the region has not experienced peace for a long time, the relationship is geared at enhancing a form of stability through promotion of pro-Western regimes like Jordan’s. In achieving this, the relationship will manage to restore peace and normalization between the Arab community and Israel since Israel has been in conflict with Palestine government for a considerable long time. The challenge facing the relationship is that they respond and prioritize to these challenges differently. The difference in strategies and policies preferred by the two countries has increasingly cause tension on the relationship as they are seen to undermine the interest of the other nation. For instance, Israel view American policy to be naivete in the Middle Eastern diplomacy as it brings more consequences to Israel. On the other hand, t he US considers Israel to be insufficiently attentive to its interests since most of its actions have been detrimental. The two states are different in some ways, as the US is a superpower whereas Israel is a regional power and this presents them with different concerns (Malka 2011). In respect to this, the two sides should be ready to accommodate each other regardless as in so doing; resentments and misunderstandings that have continually mounted the relationship will be dealt with. Honesty, openness and lesser partisan polemics will enhance sustenance of this relationship. The US-Israel relationship faces differences in the Arab Spring goal. After the revolutions took place in the Arab world that transforms the politics in middle east, the two countries found themselves supporting different

Case study in Biomedical Engineering Ethics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In Biomedical Engineering Ethics - Case Study Example In the case study there is clear evidence that in that development of the TEHVs Pedia Valve as a start-up company is responding to biomedical engineering obligations. They are employing their research knowledge, skills and capabilities towards enhancement of public welfare in terms of health and safety. Considering the limitations of the current equipment in use such as bioprosthetic valves and Cadaver homograft valves such need for repeated future surgeries as well as inherent risks, the company is striving to increase safety for the patients. There are also the obligations in terms of biomedical engineering and training. They are required to comply with available guidelines in terms legal, governmental, research and ethical responsibilities. There is need to respect rights of subjects, colleagues the science community and entire public. In making the choice between the two options the company has also considered the question of training especially for the doctors and other medical personnel. To this end I think the company has complied significantly and obtained the necessary FDA approvals. There are various ethical and professional considerations applicable to the case study of Pedia Valves which the company has not ignored. A major ethical issue in the case study as has always been when it comes to using modern technology to give life to patients is the question of faith. While Pedia Valve and other likeminded companies undertake research and testing in order to innovatively enhance life, there always voices from the religious community especially who think it is the work of God to give life. There are also the ethical issues of using animals and humans as subjects for researching and testing the technology. The argument from opponents has always been that the rights of subjects are violated. In making of the decision of whether to enter the market with the first or second option, there are important issues of

Never Let Me Go Plot Essay Example for Free

Never Let Me Go Plot Essay In a small school called Hailsham placed in England in the 1990’s, Kathy, a student from years back is looking in search of Hailsham after a few years of it being shut down. Kathy has reminisce of Tommy; a strong-willed boy who was the best football player at the time, threw tantrums and wore a special polo shirt as good luck. She also had reminisce of her times at Hailsham and the events that had taken place there. When Kathy was a student, everyone who attended was examined weekly in Room 18 by a nurse who everyone nicknamed Crow Face. Kathy and the other students learned about â€Å"exchanges† which took place four times a year; once in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter. How you were regarded at Hailsham was based on how well you were at creating. These creations that students made were part of the exchange and students would buy work done by other students in your own year. When students bought your creations, this would get you tokens and you could buy other creations from class mates. Tommy is a shy child who is not very creative. In Miss Geraldine’s class is where most of the students make their creations. Tommy made a kid-like creation of an elephant painting and Miss Geraldine praised Tommy for his uniqueness. After Tommy stopped throwing his tantrums during school he stopped getting made fun of. The woman, who ran Hailsham, went by the name of Madame. She was a tall, French, narrow, short haired and distant from the children. Miss Emily was one of the students’ favorite teachers. She was older, stood straight, had silvery hair that she wore back; quiet, deliberate voice, and made fair decisions. In Miss Emily’s and Miss Lucy’s class, the students talked about the token controversy over Madame taking work and paying the students with tokens. Eventually the issue got resolved and tokens were given to the students. Polly, a student from the same year as Kathy and Tommy, asked Miss Lucy why Madame took their creations. Miss Lucy replied, â€Å"All I can tell you today is that it’s for a good reason. A very important reason. But if I tried to explain it to you now, I don’t think you’d understand. One day, I hope, it’ll be explained to you† (Ishiguro 40). Once a month there would be â€Å"Sales†. A large van would bring toys and outdated items from the outside of the Hailsham gates and students could use their tokens to buy items of their preference. Every morning there was an assembly before school, except on the days that there were Sales because there would be announcements. Junior year, Kathy became acquainted with Ruth. Kathy and Ruth played in the sandbox together and eventually Ruth began to let Kathy play with her horses. Ruth questioned Kathy about if she liked Miss Geraldine and Kathy said that she did. Ruth then said, â€Å"All right. In that case, I’ll let you be one of her secret guards† (Ishiguro 48). Ruth tells Kathy that there are 6-10 secret guards and they make presents for Miss Geraldine and guard her from being kidnapped. Ruth said Miss Geraldine gave her the pencil case that she has now. Kathy looks back into the files of the sales to see if Ruth is lying. In art class another student had asked about Ruth’s pencil case and Kathy backed her up. In Miss Emily’s classroom she talked about England and a place called Norfolk which was known as a â€Å"lost corner.† Kathy lost her beloved tape of ‘Songs after Dark’ by Judy Bridgewater at which she found at a Sale. The cover of the cassette tape was not appropriate for Hailsham because the guardians were very strict on smoking. On the tape, track number three was Kathy’s favorite song; â€Å"Never Let Me Go.† One day Kathy was listening to her favorite track on the cassette and was dancing around like she was holding a baby, Madame walked by her room and saw the door open and Kathy dancing. Madame began to weep and the tape went missing a few months after this incident. All school attendees cannot have babies. Ruth hunted for the lost tape, but was incapable of finding it and instead bought a tape with ballroom music on it to make Kathy feel better. On a gloomy day, Miss Lucy talked to the students about how they are at Hailsham to eventually donate their vital organs. In school the students are taught to look after other students and not after the guardians. Sex becomes the new â€Å"creativeness† and Tommy and Ruth break up after 6 months. Kathy later finds Miss Lucy a wreck in Room 22. Miss Lucy explains to Tommy that she should have never told him that he didn’t need to be creative because their creations would later be used as evidence. Miss Lucy eventually leaves Hailsham and Ruth and Tommy become and couple again. After the students graduate from Hailsham, they are moved to cottages and are now known as veterans. At the cottages the students are free to do what they want and reading books is the proper thing to do and watching television is frowned upon. Keffer keeps up with the cottages and hates a boy named, Steve, because of his magazines. Kathy looks through Steve’s magazines looking for her â€Å"possible†. A possible is the other person that you were copied from. It is said that if you see your â€Å"possible,† you will see your future life. Chrissie and Rodney, two veterans from the cottage s, say they saw Ruth’s â€Å"possible† in Norfolk. Chrissie, Rodney, Ruth, Tommy, and Kathy head to Norfolk to find Ruth’s â€Å"possible.† One the way to Norfolk, Ruth mainly talked to the veterans about a rumor how if you really loved someone that you may be able to talk the guardians into letting you stay together for a few more years longer. The group goes into a small homey store called Woolworth’s and Chrissie and Ruth talk more about the known rumor. Ruth finally sees her possible â€Å"possible† and follows her into â€Å"The Portway Studios† which is an art gallery. The â€Å"possible† seems less and less like Ruth and when the â€Å"possible† leaves, the group stays and listens to the silver haired woman about all of the art. Ruth complains about how â€Å"possibles† are poor people. Later that day, Chrissie, Rodney, and Ruth go to visit an older veteran by the name of Martain to try and cheer up Ruth. Kathy and Tommy stay behind and do not go with them, but instead go in search of Kathy’s old cassette tape that had disappeared so long ago. Tommy tells Kathy that he draws imaginary animals and that he actually does have creativeness and it just has not came out until now. Once back at the cottages, no one talked about the trip to Norfolk and Ruth finds an old church that is no longer in use and sometimes goes there to read peacefully. The essay to leave the cottages and start training no longer seemed important to anyone. Tommy and Ruth slowly started drifting apart and Ruth politely tells Kathy that Tommy does not like being with woman who have been with this and that person. Not too much later, Kathy decides to tell Keffer’s that she would like to start training. Kathy later starts as a carer. As a carer they learn to live on the go constant and deal with pain and isolation in their own ways. Kathy runs into students and long ago friends once in a great while. Kathy walked home one day behind a clown with a bunch of balloons and a case. She waited for a balloon to fly away but none of them ever did. Kathy then later went to see Ruth at the Recovery Centre in Dover. They talked about a boat that had been found not too far away and about Tommy. Kathy made a plan to go and see this boat and invite Tommy with them. Kathy and Ruth traveled to Kingsfield to pick up Tommy where they had seen old pictures with a family and a big pool and where the pool had been before there was cement. They all went and seen the boat and it reminded Kathy of what Hailsham might look like now that its doors were closed for good. One the way back to Kingsfield to drop off Tommy and say goodbyes for now, they talked about Chrissie passing and the billboards flying by on the side of the road. Ruth randomly decides to give Tommy Madame’s address because Kathy will not take it. Ruth gave Tommy and Kathy Madame’s address in case Kathy and Tommy want to get a deferral. Kathy visits Ruth in the hospital and tells Ruth that she and Tommy are going to go to Madame’s hose to try and get a deferral. Ruth eventually passes. Kathy moved into a suite at Kingsfield with Tommy and became his carer. Tommy is slowly healing from his last donation and he draws animals to fill in his time while Kathy sits on their bed and reads. Kathy and Tommy pick out drawings and go to talk to Madame. Madame was not home but they saw her down the street so Kathy and Tommy started to follow Madame home. Madame pauses but tells Kathy and Tommy to come inside. They talked to Madame about getting a deferral and adding creations to Madame’s gallery. A person in a wheelchair was behind a big curtain and Madame tells whoever to come out. To Kathy and Tommy’s surprise the person in the wheelchair is Miss Emily. Miss Emily explains to the two that there is no such thing as a deferral and the gallery at Hailsham was to prove to outsiders that the children raised at Hailsham had souls. Tommy threw a tantrum on the way home. Tommy’s theory was right; Hailsham was just a place to experiment on people to create perfect people. Later, Tommy believes that it would be best if things ended between him and Kathy so things are not so hard in the end. Tommy describes to Kathy about the imaginary puddle that he would jump in when he scored a touchdown. Tommy dies after he â€Å"completes† and Kathy visits Norfolk for the last time before she â€Å"completes.† A major theme in the novel Never Let Me go is conformity. All of the students at Hailsham are born into this world as perfect people because they are clones and are meant to save others’ lives, not themselves. Most of the students at Hailsham accept the requirements throughout the process of being a clone. Tommy is the only student that throws tantrums and works his way against the system, but eventually forms to the way of life that he was given. All of the students see the future that awaits them but the guardians reassure them that it is okay and everyone forms to society in their own ways. The students do not fight against what they have been given, instead praise the life they have been given; but at the same time have thoughts about why their creations had been taken and why they had to live their lives like this. Many did not ask questions about their lives for the simple reason that they were too scared to find out the answer. A second major theme presented in the novel was obligation to society. The founders of Hailsham prided themselves on producing the most accurate clone in the world. Creating copies of humans in order for them to owe their lives to society, many of these clones were unhappy and fell into depression. The founders believed that many of the Hailsham students should be prepared to take their lives to save others and be happy in the process of achieving it. Madame tries to explain this to Kathy and Tommy when they question her about the deferral. Madame tells them that they should be happy because even though their lives are going to end early and they will spend countless days in pain, they at least had a wonderful life to live unlike many of the clones before them that didn’t get to explore the many wonders of life. The founders of Hailsham raised all of the clones to respect their elders and do as they are told. This is the same way they go through life and by doing so they live a bearable worthwhile life. A literary device that is used in this book a few times is a simile. A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid. An example in Never Let Me Go is, â€Å"In fact, it took a moment to see they were animals at all. The first impression was like one you’d get if you took the back off a radio set: tiny canals, weaving tendons, miniature screws and wheels were all drawn with obsessive precision, and only when you held the page away you could see it was some kind of armadillo, say, or a bird† (Ishiguro 187). Ishiguro uses this phrase to show how much hard work Tommy put into his drawings. Tommy thinks that if he works hard and really puts himself to work on creating a unique piece maybe he will prove that he deserves to live longer. Tommy wants to prove to the guardians and all of the outside world that he is not just a clone and he actually does have feelings and has a true soul. Another simile found in this novel is â€Å"I thought about Hailsham closing, and how it was like someone coming along with a pair of shears and snipping the balloon strings just where they entwined above the man’s fist† (Ishiguro 213). Kathy thought this because now that Hailsham has closed, her past life has been cut away and taken from her. Even though her memories have not been taken from her, she can no longer return to Hailsham if she wanted to visit. A second literary device used throughout this novel was an anaphora. A couple examples of an anaphora is, â€Å"You’ve been told about it. You’re students. You’re . . . special. So keeping yourselves well, keeping yourselves very healthy inside, that’s much more important for each of you than it is for me† (Ishiguro 68-69). Ishiguro put an emphasis on this quote using the word or structure of â€Å"you† a lot because he wants the reader to clearly see that the students are the ones that need to stay healthy, be looked after, and take pride in them. Another anaphora found in Never Let Me Go is, â€Å"Because however sympathetic they were, I could see that deep down they were relieved. They were relieved things had turned out the way they had; that they were in a position to comfort Ruth, instead of being left behind in the wake of a dizzying boost to her hopes. They were relieved they wouldn’t have to face, more starkly than ever, the notion which fascinated and nagged and scared them: this notion of theirs that there were all kinds of possibilities open to us Hailsham students that weren’t open to them† (Ishiguro 165). This quote really shows the relief that Chrissie and Rodney have in this part of the book. Chrissie and Rodney are so relieved because there has never been a student at Hailsham that has ever met or even seen there â€Å"possible† and if they were to, everyone would have no idea how to react to such a thing. The book Never Let Me Go was very enjoyable although in some parts I would have to say the book was kind of boring. For the most part I liked this book, but I felt like I kept reading and reading and even when I finished the book, I felt like I wasn’t done reading. To this day, I don’t know if that is a good thing or a bad thing. Either way I enjoyed reading the book, it teaches the reader to appreciate the things that we take for granted every day in our lives and to take time and notice the little things that are around you. Overall, I am glad that I chose this book to read over the summer and hope to share this book with others.

Essay --

â€Å"No one comes home from war unchanged. But with early screening and adequate access to counseling, the psychological and neurological effects of combat are treatable.† (Williamson & Mulhall). Deployments to war zones change service members and their families. Some of the changes are positive and some combat experiences can be traumatic and leave a long-lasting emotional wound. Exposure to traumatic combat and operational experiences affects service members and veterans spiritually, psychologically, biologically, and socially. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and major depression are increasingly recognized and potentially preventable conditions. Certain factors, especially the severity of the trauma, obvious lack of social support and disconnection have been associated with its development. A recent study found U.S. veteran suicide rates are as high as 5,000 a year. Nearly 20 percent of military service members who have returned from Iraq and Afghanistan, have reported symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder or major depression, yet only slight more than half have sought out treatment, according to a new RAND Corporation study. In addition, researchers found about 19 percent of returning service members report that they experienced a possible traumatic brain injury while deployed. (Williamson & Mulhall) In military veterans and service members, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal thoughts are a problematic and common issue that has become closely linked to one another. If these illnesses are causing a mental issue with our military personnel, why are they less likely to seek out care? Many service members do not seek treatment for psychological illnesses bec... ...when it came to the topics that were being discussed, such as the injures they experience, the process and what the service members undergo in the home front that may be some potential triggers. The article is very detailed and it is a good recommendation for my fellow classmates to read, as it provides knowledge and awareness on this topic. Our military personnel and veteran clients remind us every day that extensive resources are needed to provide an equal playing field in the mental health care system, that we have much more to learn, and that the more we understand the illness in veterans and personnel, the more we can do to reduce their suffering. References Williamson, V., & Mulhall, E. (n.d.). Invisible Wounds: Psychological and Neurological Injuries Confront a New Generation of Veterans. Retrieved from http://iava.org/files/IAVA_invisible_wounds_0.pdf

Kafka’s Metamorphosis: Vision of the Body

Through the metamorphosis of Gregor Samsa, Kafka not only traces modern man’s sense of alienation from his body, but also anticipates Postmodernist visions on identity—the way that identity relates to the body, and the social constructs of marginality and normality, that infallibly reminds us the works of Michel Foucault, who examined the disciplining and medicalization of body as a form of social control. Gregor Samsa’s sudden discovery of his transformed body is another form of the horrible confusion that Samuel Beckett later explores in his plays. There are no such pretty, healthy bodies in Beckett.His characters are infirm, decrepit figures that are, as Beckett described them, â€Å"falling to bits†. Some theorists of the Body trace the emphasis on ‘normal’ body to industrial capitalism, which required a standardized body for factory work and labeled the ‘different’ body as ‘abnormal’. This social conditioning can also be associated with the recent dreads like anorexia and bulimia in especially teenage girls, who in the desire to wear ‘size zero’ dress, that is extremely popular in America and to look ‘wonderfully thin’ endanger their lives with starvation.This is an example of how the market forces of capitalistic power play manipulate the concept of identity by constructing a ‘norm’ of the body. In spite of the traces of the modernist horror of fragmented identity, there is also an element of Postmodernist fantastic in Kafka’s tale; where the transformation of the body is more marvelous than terrible. The 2001 film Amelie had a protagonist who literally melts when her love interest leaves the restaurant in which she works without asking her for a date—unmistakably reminding the viewer Kafka’s vision of the Body as marvelous.

My Father, the Person I Admire the Most Essay

I admire a lot of people people but the person i admire the most is my mother .She is the most important person in my life.There is no reason for me to live without her by my side. My mom is a doctor. She loved to help other because she says it was her dream when she was a child. She works hard every day and she likes to learn something new every day. She leads a wonderful family life, she is always cheerful and happy. She has been married for 40 years. Read more: Essay someone I admire I admire her because she is very intelligent, ambitious and she has many goals in her life. She takes care of us because she loves us. She is also wonderful mother, very patient, sensitive and warm-hearted. She knows answers to every question, even those very silly. Being so patient and sensible, she even helps others to solve their problems. She is great fun to be with because she has a great sense of humor. My mother has many talents. She is a great runner,a good singer. Generally, Mum is a warm and friendly person. She is very patient and careful with everything that she does. She never lets social life get in the way of relationship with our. She says that family is the most important things in her life. She is very important to me, because she teaches me to be a better person every day. She is a good example to me and I love her for many more reasons. I admire my mom so much and I love her. She can always advise me. She wants the best things for our family .I want to be like her when i grow up and even if we were were a thousand miles away our hearts will always be together and forever.

102 Frankenstein Analysis Professor Ramos Blog

102 Frankenstein Analysis Frankenstein Quick Write What has been your greatest achievement? Think about why you did it? We are not gonna share, I just want you to think about this, we will get back to it later. Frankenstein We watched the lecture on Frankenstein:  Frankenstein: Defining the Monster. Mary Shelley’s  Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus What does the title of the book mean? Frankenstein is the name of the Doctor that is telling us the story. What about the second part? What or who is Prometheus? What do you know about him? Victor Frankenstein: The Narrator, Doctor, creator Prometheus: ? What does modern Prometheus mean then? The Question The question I want to consider now is: What does it mean to be human? Arguably, literary texts in charting human actions and emotions and so on, reflect back at us what makes us who we are? What makes us tick? By looking at the monsters we create, we can learn what is means to be human and/or to be humane. I want to focus on a passage from Chapter 5. Let’s return now to the quick write. What was Dr. Frankenstein’s greatest achievement? Most would say it is the monster. Chapter 5 It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing my bed-chamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep. At length lassitude succeeded to the tumult I had before endured, and I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, endeavouring to seek a few moments of forgetfulness. But it was in vain; I slept, indeed, but I was disturbed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the bloom of health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as I imprinted the first kiss on h er lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared to change, and I thought that I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms; a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; when, by the dim and yellow light of the moon, as it forced its way through the window shutters, I beheld the wretch- the miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs. I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited, where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greate st agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life. Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived. I passed the night wretchedly. Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness. Mingled with this horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me; and the change was so rapid, the overthrow so complete! Let’s return now to the quick write. What was Dr. Frankenstein’s greatest achievement? Most would say it is the monster. The Creation Scene Dr. Frankenstein is trying to do a great thing: he wants to save human lives. Why then is his greatest achievement, life, an abomination, a creature, a monster? Why does he turn his back on the monster? What theory from Cohen would help us understand why the creation is a monster? Who then is the monster? If you had a baby that was born with a physical or mental handicap, would you turn your back? Would you be horrified? Monster Theory and Frankenstein In small groups, look at the seven theories to see which apply to Frankenstein and his Monster.

Definition of Monopsony

Definition of Monopsony Monopsony is a market structure in which there is only one buyer of a good or service. If there is only one customer for a certain good, that customer has monopsony power in the market for that good. Monopsony is analogous to monopoly, but monopsony has market power on the demand side rather than on the supply side. A common theoretical implication is that the price of the good is pushed down near the cost of production. The price is not predicted to go to zero because if it went below where the suppliers are willing to produce, they wont produce. Market power is a continuum from perfectly competitive to monopsony and there is an extensive practice/industry/science of measuring the degree of market power. As an example, for workers in an isolated company town, created by and dominated by one employer, that employer is a monopsonist for some kinds of employment. For some kinds of U.S. medical care, the government program Medicare is a monopsony.

Castle's Family Restaurant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Castle's Family Restaurant - Research Paper Example However, smaller from should outsource such activities and the choice of the vendor should be done after evaluation of its past performance. Introduction Castle’s Family Restaurant, a small group with under 350 workers has eight units which require the HR manager to travel frequently to each of the units to interact with the workers. Human resources are the greatest asset of the firm and an organization would need to invest in it to develop the capabilities. In the hospitality sector particularly, human resources must have unique capabilities to be able to deliver excellent service. Staff retention is a critical issue in the hospitality sector. The organization is considering implementation of HRIS which could help the organization save costs while reducing staff turnover. This study evaluates the types of HRIS that would best help the organization to retain staff. Stage I Business Assessment Family restaurant, a part of the hospitality sector, is a high potential, high-compet ition sector. While demand is high, staff attrition rate is also high. Prolonged job stress and high employee burn-out lead to high staff turnover in the sector (Buick & Thomas, 2001). It thus becomes absolutely essential for Castle’s Family Restaurant to attract, motivate and retain staff. This perhaps prompts the HR and the operations manager to travel to each of the eight restaurants every week to take care of scheduling, recruiting, hiring, and interacting with the staff. While the number of staff is not very high, managing staff at eight different locations can be challenging. It is essential to satisfy their queries and listen to them. Travelling every week is not cost-effective apart from the time taken in travelling. Therefore an alternative feasible solution has to be devised. Identification of problems The main HR functions that need attention at Castle’s Family Restaurant include task scheduling, recruitments, payroll preparations and answering the questions of the staff. While each of these tasks can be handled through the implementation of HRIS, staff retention is critical to service in this sector. Most of the staff is part-time, which adds to the challenge of retaining staff. The hospitality industry requires staff with strong practical skills and soft people management skills rather than analytical skills (Connolly & McGing, 2006). The staff has queries of day-to-day operations as well as queries related to personal issues. Each of these needs to be addressed timely as it makes the staff feel their concerns are addressed and paid heed to. Staff retention implies staff motivation and talent management to ensure continuity. Listening to their concerns is a great motivator and a good listener is one who encourages the people to express. Staff retention is essential to ensure service quality in the hospitality sector. Lower staff attrition also results in higher base of organizational knowledge and less deterioration of experiential l earning (Bontis & Fitz-Enz, 2002). Constant turnover also impacts the dynamics of staff interaction. High staff turnover also results in recurring costs in recruitment and training. HRIS needs assessment HR functions have now been transformed to digital formats and technology is yet to be optimally

The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the Research Paper

The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the community - Research Paper Example This essay will look into the negative and positive effects of social enterprise to the community. Introduction A social enterprise is a business, which aims not only to generate money, but as well to bring about a positive impact upon the communities it serves, the individuals with whom it operates with as well as their own work forces. A social enterprise can hire and pay earnings like a private-sector business; however, its focus is on the environmental or social aim, which differs from that of the private-sector (Dart & Zimmerman, 2004). Therefore, social enterprise entails the quest of business activities to attain a social undertaking. Social enterprise could include a range of activities like community-economic development, profit making activities within a nonprofit corporation, which might or might not be interrelated to the corporation’s services, and an alliance with the private industry (Alter, 2004). When social enterprise mission deviates from the intended missio n can bring negative effects to the community such as its accountability to the mission. This paper will discuss the negative effects of social enterprises to the community. ... Yet again, some imagine that rationalist justifications overlook several of the political and cultural basis and derivations of social enterprises. Economic and rational explanations are deemed to highpoint narrow strategic or economic aims for the structure and existence of establishments while they may have developed in reaction to wider and more intricate structures (Alter, 2004). Institutional elucidations explore organizational atmospheres to pinpoint changes, which would explain the changes in the manner that community confers legality to organizational languages, forms, practices and values. Environmental changes elucidate the advent of novel organizational systems (Dart & Brenda, 2004). A legitimacy typology suggests accounts and effects for the comprehensive development of social-enterprises as well as for its snowballing emphasis upon the commercial attribute of its description. The least theoretical legitimacy level is 'pragmatic'. On this degree, legitimacy is rendered by stakeholder factions when an endeavor affords something of significance (Heeks & Arun, 2009). Social enterprises are pragmatically legitimate since they reduce organizational financing needs or are an innovative resolution to social hitches. Pragmatic legitimacy is alike to rationalist as well as instrumental descriptions of social-enterprise importance. Nevertheless, pragmatic legitimacy states that legitimization might just as freely originate from social-enterprise clients or investors. This underlines the likelihood that social-enterprise is propelled by investor groups and priorities, which strengthen the traditional social-sector dependency upon investor resources

People Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

People Resourcing and Development - Essay Example ve and motivate employee performance and generally contribute to the overall output (performance) of an organization (Pilbeam&Corbridge2010, p.16).In as much as it is intended for the good of employee, manager, and overall organization, performance appraisal has become a controversial aspect of human resource functions. This is because most managers do not have clear guidelines of enacting it, and in most cases, managers have not described their ratings of the process as completely accurate or honest. In the light of this revelation, the following study text will discuss the practice of performance appraisal in an organization as being more of a curse than a blessing in improving and motivating employee performance. Performance appraisals cannot be done collectively like trainings but are conducted per individual. In short, every employee needs to have their own appraisals done by the manager. Today’s organizations on the other hand range from medium sized to large, meaning that there may be tens to hundreds or thousands of employees per organization, all under the same human resources department. This means that the manager doing the performance appraisals has to invest a lot of time into the activity (Aggarwal, Sundar, & Thakur 2013, p.617). In as much as the appraisals are done to boost the organizations, they can mean wasting a lot of precious production time especially on the part of the manager. Apart from writing the appraisals, the managers are required to meet with staff and supervisors to collect information regarding the employees. This fact portrays the curse part of performance appraisals in that managers are critical factors in organizations and if their time for important matters in diverted to lesser-deserving issues, it may result in dismalperformance due to misalignment of management duties. For instance, time for overseeing of organizational functions may reduce, therefore exposing the organization to functional problems. Managers, who are at

Food Safety Contamination Types and Causes

Food Safety Contamination Types and Causes Introduction Food safety refers to the guarantee that must be given to consumers that the food is safe for consumption. If this is not the case then the food is contaminated. Food can be contaminated in different ways. Some food may already contain bacteria or foreign body but on the other hand food may also be contaminated if it is not handled properly. Food contamination can be in different ways namely: Biological contamination Physical contamination Chemical contamination In order to prevent food contamination the food must be handled and store properly. This can be done by using and apply proper conditions and measures. In this report we’ll be seeing 3 cases of food contamination, the measures and solution that need to be taken in order to prevent them. Case study 1 Question 1: Analyze and discuss the type of contamination and provide examples. According to the information provided in case study one; it’s a case of physical contamination. Physical contamination can be any foreign body found in food. Foreign objects can include hair, plastics, wood or even jewelry. This case is a typical physical contamination due to foreign body found, that is the beetle’s wings (dark color fragments). The drugstore beetle lives in warmer and dry climate. It feeds on dry products such as dried herbs, cereal products, bread, etc. The factory is an excellent place for the beetle to live and feed. The beetle’s wings were identified by a light microscope and concluded that it’s the Biscuit beetle or the Drugstore beetle. The record of inspection also shows that the insects were present earlier in the premises of the industry. This means that there had not been an effective pest control and those insects were not eradicated. The phosphatase test shows that the insects were exposed to high temperature during the baking of the biscuits, this result shows two possibilities: The insects were already in the premises of the building and fell into the product during baking or, The raw products used to make the biscuits (such as flour, herbs for flavoring, etc.) already contain the insects and were used without examined properly. Concerning physical contamination, the contaminated food can contain any foreign object even condoms! August 2010, Philip Hodousek, a California man says he ordered a French soup and found a condom in it which he thought was melted cheese. He has settled a lawsuit against the restaurant: Claim Jumper. At first the restaurant denied that incident but after the condom was sent for a DNA test and revealed that the DNA present was neither for the plaintiff nor for his wife. According to City News Service, his lawyer rejected an offer of $30,000 because he was proved innocent and was accused of putting the condom in the soup to scam and to destroy the reputation of the restaurant. (Dennis Romero 2010) By an early morning, walking alone in a subway you can get stabbed by a 7 inch knife but now the problem is you can get stabbed by eating one! According to CBS News, John Agnesini, 27 years old, found a 7-inch knife while eating his sandwich that he bought at a subway in New York. Luckily he noticed it at time and hasn’t got any physical damage but he fell ill with severe stomach issues for hours after eating it. He settled a lawsuit against the subway and the case seeks for about $1 million indemnity. (CBS News 2008) Here are some examples of foreign body found in food which make them a physical contamination: A man found hair in his steak at West Bend restaurant.(Dan Benson,2008) A woman found a metal bolt in her hamburger at Applebee’s restaurant in Albuquerque.(KOB News, Danielle Todesco,2014) A â€Å"nose ring† was found in a children’s breakfast at McDonald. (Taylor Berman,2012) As we have seen, there a lot of foreign objects that was found in many restaurants or fast foods. This has negative effects on the reputation on the restaurants or on the consumer itself. Many precautions and control measures should be taken to ensure safety in consumable products. Question 2(a): Effects of physical contamination. Physical contamination can lead to many hazardous effects. One of the many is physical injury. As we have seen, the metal bolt found can lead to serious dental injury. There are also broken glasses found in food which can cause gum bleeding and injure the lining of the gut. Some foreign body can even cause suffocation as they block the respiratory system. Foreign objects can bring along harmful microorganisms in foods. This can result in food poisoning. Objects such as hair, needle or condom can bring many diseases, in some cases: incurable. Another adverse effect is for the establishment itself. The reputation of the institution can be ruined; even it can cause the organization to be closed forever at some level depending on the case. The establishment can make great loss because of legal actions and lawsuits. There is great loss of food as the food become spoiled and cannot be used. Question 2(b): Controls to prevent physical contamination. Physical contamination occurs by accident. Therefore, there are certain controls and measures to prevent it. First of all, the most common physical contamination is hair found in food. So, first of all we need to be sure that employees are following the policy of the institution. They must wear appropriate protective clothes. A human being loses 50-75 hairs a day; food handlers should wear a hairnet or a hat. Staff should not wear any jewelry and cuts covered with plasters should be waterproof and need to be tie properly as it may fall during handling of food. Staff should also be responsible as they must have good personal hygiene. For example: nails need to be cut neatly as it can break and fall into the food. The establishment should have a good maintenance program to ensure durability in machine equipment. Broken equipment or machine in repairs should not be kept near preparation of food, this increases the risk of food contamination. The building also should be renewed as to prevent paint or other objects to detach and fall into the food. To protect the establishment from nuisance, pest control should be made appropriately. Also, all the cooked and uncooked food should be covered to prevent dust particles or other foreign objects to fall in. In spite of all the measures and security being followed, customer complaints keep increasing. But, controls and measures should be sustainable and to be followed all the time. Managers should ensure that all the security measures are being followed not only for the employees but also for the suppliers. Case study 2 Question 1: Analyze and discuss the type of contamination and provide examples. According to the information provided in case study two, it’s a chemical contamination. Chemical contamination is the presence of chemical substances produce naturally by plants and animals or introduced accidentally, which make the food unfit for consumption. This can be hazardous depending on the substance introduced or chemicals present in high concentrations. As per the case study, Susumber berries are listed noxious weed in U.S. The berries may contain toxic substances but we don’t know exactly at what stage it’s the most toxic. As the berries were cooked and then frozen, we can conclude that heat don’t have an effect on the berries but the consumption number has an effect on the consumer, that is the third person consume a smaller amount of the berries and hence experienced another effects compared to the other two. These conclusions are based on clinical symptoms and also the toxicity of the berries is not well known, so we can say that another substance have caused these effects. For example, chaconine poisoning was suspected and chaconine is found when potatoes turn green. As we have seen, chemical contaminations could be due to: Naturally occurring toxins. For example, the red kidney bean produces a toxic agent (kidney bean lectin). The beans need to be cooked at high temperature for a long time to be out of danger. Other examples are: shellfish, certain fish such as the fugu (puffer fish), rhubarb and potatoes. Reactions during food processing At high temperature cooking such as grilling and irradiation. Environmental contamination It can be from residues from agricultural or other processes such as insecticides, herbicides, pesticides. In japan, mostly all the villages in the village of Minamata were found to be contaminated by consuming fish. Industries throw their waste products containing mercury into the river. Fish were contaminated with these product and so the villages by fishery. (Douglas Allchin n.d) In 2008, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were mix with wine to dilute it. (Reuters 2008) In 2003, veterinary antibiotic nitrofurans (which are banned) were found in chicken. This chemical can cause cancer over long term consumption. (FSA News Item 2003) Question 2(a): Effects of chemical contamination. The effects of chemical contamination can be determined by chemical introduced in the food and also the dose. For example, lack of iron in the body causes anemia but too much iron can cause death. In some cases, effects can be both physical and mental. Substances such as mercury can cause handicap and even death. Other substances can cause damage to our nervous systems. But in light cases chemical can cause: Abdominal pain Nausea Headaches Dizziness Also it causes loss to the organization as the spoiled food should be discarded and it must face legal actions. Question 2(b): Controls to prevent chemical contamination. Establishment involve in the production of food should: Separate chemical equipment from the production of food Chemical equipment such as cleaners and sanitizers should be clearly labeled Ensure that raw materials entering the production line should be checked and labeled Ensure that suppliers are correct, that is, they are using legal substances and in right amount Inspect and control stock regularly Proper waste management. Food handlers should be trained and supervise so as they follow the rules and regulation of dosing or diluting any substances. They must know the purpose and function of the chemical before using it. Chemicals must be stored in designated storage areas or cupboard. Case study 3 Question (a): Discuss the type of food borne illness. Biological contamination refers to biological substances (living organisms) such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, molds and yeast that cause health problems when introduced in the body. Biological contamination exists in two forms: food intoxication or food infection. Food infection is the consumption of food containing bacteria whereas food intoxication is the consumption of food containing both bacteria and toxins (from biological source). Toxins are poisonous substances produced by a living organism which can make harm to human or animals. According to the evidences provided in case study three, this is a case of biological contamination, more precisely it’s a case of food intoxication. This is because the bacteria clostridium botulinum and B toxin was found. Question (b): Discuss the symptoms, sources and effects caused by C. Botulinum The bacteria and the toxin were found in the in yoghurt. The hazelnut yoghurt can be considered as high risk food because of its protein content. The decrease concentration of sugar so as to decrease calorie in yoghurt can be a factor that contributed to the growth of the bacteria. The reason for this outbreak is the bacteria found in cans of hazelnut puree. As it’s an anaerobic bacterium, it grows best in places with less oxygen. Usually this bacterium is associated with can food as inadequate processing of the hazelnut puree can decrease the pH of the food sufficiently to permit the growth of the bacteria. Due to the new formulation, decrease in temperature cannot kill all the bacteria. The rest of the bacteria that survive multiplied in the yoghurt. Toxins produce by clostridium botulinum causes botulism. The symptoms appear after 18-36 hours after consumption. But the time can vary from individuals. If the person infected is not treated rapidly, it can result in death. The early symptoms experienced by infected persons are: Difficulty in swallowing Fatigue Vomiting Nausea Dizziness Double vision The toxins produce by the bacteria can cause severe paralysis as it acts on our nervous systems. At first the patient will experience weakness in arms and neck. If this continues to the chest, the later will have difficulties in breathing as the respiratory muscles will be affected and later on, death may occur. The most serious effect cause by the bacteria is obviously death. But that’s not all that the bacteria will do to a patient. The paralysis cause by the later can be forever. Recovery from this disease can take weeks or even month, some people never recover fully. (WHO 2013) Question (c): Describe and discuss with examples two other bacteria, mentioning the symptoms, sources and effects, which cause food borne illness. Listeria Listeria is the bacterium that is responsible for the disease listeriosis. It is mainly found in soil and water and some animals such as cattle and poultry. It can also be present in food made from raw milk. Unlike other bacteria, listeria can grow in both in oxygenated conditions (aerobic) and conditions where there is no oxygen (anaerobic). It can also grow and multiply in refrigerated conditions which make it very dangerous. Therefore refrigerated pà ¢tà ©s or meat spreads is not advisable to eat. But this bacterium is destroyed by high temperature and pasteurized milk. The incubation period of this bacterium can be about 3-70 days. The infected person will feel weakness, vomiting, stiff neck and fever and sometimes diarrhea. Although it is treated with antibiotics certain measures should be taken to avoid it. A proper sanitation must be done to prevent not only listeriosis but other bacteria. A good sanitizer for listeria is alcohol. Kitchen materials such as knife, chopping board and the raw product itself should be washed properly. Ready-to-eat foods and leftovers should be heated to high temperature and consumed rapidly. Refrigerated food should be kept below 4o C to prevent growth of the bacteria. (Kenneth Todar n.d) Campylobacter Campylobacter is responsible for the disease campylobacteriosis. It is recognize as the main cause of bacterial foodborne disease in many countries. It causes mainly intestinal infection. It is mainly found in raw or undercooked poultry, contaminated water and unpasteurized milk. Contaminated water is also a source of contamination. Many cases were reported because of contaminated water during recreational activities. But most cases it’s by animal or animal products. The major contributor to this disease is believed to be undercooked poultry which is contaminated. Infected persons can experience cramping and abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhea (sometimes bloody). This can be after 2-5 days after exposure to the bacteria. Although campylobacteriosis is not a fatal disease but 76 people die every year. This is due to severe diarrhea which makes the body lose a lot of water. Beside those effects, there are preventive methods to limit the proliferation of the bacteria. First of all we must start at the base of the food chain. Farm animals such as poultry should be fed with uncontaminated water. There must be good water systems and also a good waste management because campylobacter can survive in its feces. Animals should be slaughtered according to the rules. Meat, especially poultry should be cooked at significant temperature to destroy the bacteria and raw milk should be pasteurized. (NCEZID 2013) Question (d): Discuss the impact of food borne illness. Food borne illness can have an impact not only for the infected people but its worldwide. It can have an impact on our social life. Some of the infected persons which have not recovered completely must stay in bed for the rest of their life and the medical care must go on. This can be costly. Cases of trauma can erect from individuals suffering from a long time. In another hand, some people are paralyzed for the rest of their life. It can also have an impact socially. If the outbreak is not controlled many people and animals can lose their life. Another impact of food borne illness can be at economical level. Contaminated food and animal should be destroyed. If cases of contamination are reported in poultry, most of the animals should be killed and this results in great loss of money. Money should be invested to have a good water system in order to provide the animals with uncontaminated water. The farm should have a good waste management so that feces are discarded safely. Infected persons won’t be able to go to work and the level of absenteeism will increase. This will decrease the income -in terms of money- of our country. Question (e): Discuss how foodborne illness can be controlled Although cases of foodborne illness keep increasing, preventive measure must be taken to diminish those outbreaks. First of all, the organization must have a good food safety management as well as pest control system and good wastage system. Most of the cases occur by accident or due to inappropriate conservation method or mistake while processing food. As a precaution method, food handlers should be educated in types of foodborne disease, causes and preventive methods. Often we say that people are the key to prevent or to reduce foodborne diseases. That’s why staffs should have a good personal hygiene such as nails must be cut to prevent it from breaking off while handling food or the use of gloves where it’s necessary. Sanitation practices can decrease cases of foodborne illness. For example, if a knife and chopping board is used to cut a chicken, it must be washed thoroughly and sanitized before cutting other ingredients. Chemical sanitizers must be used to kill bact eria as it contains acidic solution; bacteria cannot survive in acidic conditions. Storage areas must be kept clean and controlled regularly. Food items must be well preserved to prevent access to insects and rodents. Insects like cockroaches carry a lot of harmful bacteria. All materials used or food contact surfaces must be cleaned and sanitize before and after work. Cross contamination should be avoided as it may carry bacteria from one item to another. Food must be used before the perishable date. Industries using food in masse must get their raw products from a trusted supplier as bacteria such as campylobacter and salmonella is transmitted by infected water and feces. If the supplier or the farm proprietor does not have a good water system, all the animals can get infected. Food must be stored in such temperature to avoid the ‘danger zone’. The danger is a range of temperature where the bacteria multiply rapidly. Food must be stored below 4oC and cooked food must be served above 63oC to be sure that most the bacteria are dead. Low temperature (below 4oC) make the bacteria inactive, after defrosting the food it must be cook rapidly in order to prevent the bacteria from multiplying. Pre-prepared food and leftovers must be consumed within 4 days and if in doubt, it must be discarded.

The Gradual Development Of Cha :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding, and the topic of this essay is to show how Golding suggests that the boys on the island gradually move from their civilized behavior to total anarchy. In the book, Lord of the Flies, an undefined number of boys are stranded on a desert island, and a leader is chosen. From the start, there is a power struggle between the chosen leader, Ralph, and the leader of a boys choir,Jack. There is also a gradual descent into anarchy as the boys spend more time on the island alone. In the end, they are rescued by a navy ship, but not before atleast two children are dead, namely Piggy and Simon, both murdered. In this essay it will be shown that the boys on the island move from civilization to total anarchy, through the examples of their use of face paint, the death of Simon and the destruction of the conch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Lord of the Flies, an example of their move from civilization to anarchy lies the use of face paint among the boys on the island. Some of the boys, like Ralph and Piggy, never wear face paint. This shows that they stay civilized throughout the story, while the other kids do not. Early in the story, when the hunters chase after a pig, they all where mud, clay, and charcoal as face paint to be 'like things trying to look like something else-'; (Lord of the Flies, William Golding, p. 66). Later, when Jack forms his own tribe they go hunting with masks of pig blood on their faces, as masks. Golding suggests that the children are able to disguise themselves behind these masks, and escape any punishment, therefore freeing them to do as they please. This shows that Golding wanted the reader to think that while the children are afraid of punishment (when they have just arrived on the island), they are civilized in their behaviour, but when they wear their masks, and ar e able to rid themselves of the responsibility of their actions they begin to act more savage-like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of how the children on the island moved from civilization to anarchy is the progression of the dance they perform. In the beginning, when they dance they all gather in a circle and one child is in the middle, acting as the beast. The children would then proceed to pretend to beat the child, but instead leave him unharmed.

The production possibility curve

Introduction:The production possibility curve is a curve that represents the total number of goods and services that can be produced in an economy given certain levels of resources in the economy, the productions possibility curve helps check whether an economy has idle resources and if an economy produces optimally then this will result into economic growth, there are factors that lead to a shift in the production possibility curve, this includes changes in technology, change in the productivity of factors of production and increased efficiency and finally the curve will shift as a result of increased resources in the economy.Production possibility curve:The production possibility curve is a curve that represents the maximum or optimal resource usage when both goods and services are produced, the production possibility curve shows the position in which an economy can be producing its goods and services, an economy that produces below the production possibility curve is said to have idle resources, when the point is on the production possibility curve then the economy is optimally using all the resources available in an economy to produce both goods and services.The diagram below shows the production possibility curve:The above diagram is the production possibility curve, when the economy produces at point A then the economy is under producing and there are idle resource in the economy, if the economy produces at point B then the economy is producing optimally where there are no idle resources in the economy, point C is unachievable and an economy cannot produce at this point, this is because the point is above the production possibility curve.Shift in the production possibility curve:The production possibility frontier will shift outward if there is increased productivity in the factors of production. If the productivity of the factors of production improves then the production possibility curve will shift outwards as follows:The other factors that will cause the possibility production curve to shift is the improvement of technology, the curve will shift outward if there is an improvement in the technology in the economy.The discovery and exploitation of resources in the economy will also cause a shift in the production possibility curve, if there is a discovery and the exploitation of resources that are used in the production of goods and services then the curve will shift outwards.Effects of producing more goods for the future to the PPC:When an economy produces more goods then it is possible to achieve the point where the economy utilises all its factors of production and the point of production will be at along the curve, the excess production of goods and services will also tend to influence producers to explore new resources for production and this will lead to a shift in the curve to a higher level.Conclusion:The production possibility curve depicts the total number of goods and services that can be produced in an economy given th e level of resources in the economy, the productions possibility curve helps check whether an economy has idle resources and if an economy produces optimally then this will result into economic growth.  There are factors that lead to a shift in the production possibility curve, this includes changes in technology, change in the productivity of factors of production and increased efficiency and finally the curve will shift as a result of increased resources in the economy.If an economy produces more goods then it achieve the point where the economy utilises all its factors of production and the point of production will be at along the curve, the excess production of goods and services will also tend to influence producers to explore new resources for production and this will lead to a shift in the curve to a higher level.References:Brian Snow (1997) Macroeconomics: Introduction to Macroeconomics, Rout ledge publishers, UK

Is human development different from economic development?

our site – HRM DISSERTATION EXAMPLE – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING Abstract Can the concepts of human and economic development be separatedThis study assesses the value of each development type independently and then together. The evidence presented illustrate the fact the human and economic development share elements, yet are different aspects of civilization. This essay will be of value to any researcher studying this development. 1 Introduction Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay will assess to what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated. Beginning with an overview of human development and economic development will create a defining point from which to begin. Following this section with an overview of literature that illustrates the position and process behind each of these concepts will enable a demonstration of impact. The combination of the first sections of the paper will enable a reasonable assessment of the nature of both systems. In the end, this essay will have considered past definitions, modern practice and future potential of both human and economic development with the stated goal of determining the degree of difference that is present between them. 2 Human Development versus Economic Development2.1 Human DevelopmentSen (1999) defines human development as an expansion of capacity that has the potential to improve human lives. This theory illustrates the benefits that can be created by measuring capabilities of the population. Development is the capacity to overcome issues in life that might include ill health, illiteracy or political or civil freedoms (Sen 1999). Concerned with the dual aspects of people and development this approach consistently utilizes key human components as signal posts for progress and increased accuracy of public policy. Alkire (2005:32) contends that human capabilities are what people can actually do and be in life. Utilizing a pattern of comparison, this vision touches on the capacity to compare cultures and determine the best overall means of fostering and enhancing these basic human capabilities.2.2 Economic DevelopmentEconomic development is the not the concept of the quantity or use of utility but a s a measure of the potential expansion of valuable capacities (Alkire 2005). Others describe economic development as the potential for continued business centred expansion (Sen 1999) illustrates that governments have utilized the denial of basic human need and rights as a means to spur rapid economic development. This approach directly ties the perception of the population to the ability for the economy to function and grow. Economic development is tied to a multi-tiered influences that include underlying security concerns (Sen 1999). A fundamental approach taken illustrates that the economic development of any given region is founded on the process available and the opportunities for the population to accomplish the intended goals.2.3 Human Development and Economic DevelopmentWith the increase in technology and development potential there has been an increase in the need to promote both economic and human development (Fukuda Parr 2011). Modern instrument including the Sen (1999) ba sed Human Development Reports tie the state and capacity of the population to the effectiveness of any development options. Further Fukuda Parr (2011) contend that the alteration or state of politics has a direct impact on the manner in which a population influences the overall state of development. Nussbaum (2011) ties the concept of basic human rights to the capabilities of a population. This argument illustrates that the basic ideals of social justice and human rights are embodied within a government, which in turn provides development opportunities for the population. Further, the concept of capabilities is directly complementary to the notion of human rights and the need to make each citizen equal under the law (Nussbaum 2011). It is the instrument of human rights that has the capability to drive a nation into the next era of development. Sen (1999) argues that a determination of population capabilities will lead to the manner in which to implement positive change. This approach emphasizes that the condition and opportunities available to the population will have a direct impact on the overall economic development. The lack of opportunity or resources creates a form of deprivation which is detrimental to the associated development process (Sen 1999). Using famine as a teach ing tool, this approach clearly outlines the potential available by highlighting the positive aspects of the civilian population. With the absence of freedom and action and the lack of nourishment, the capacity for the farmers to develop was curtailed, thereby impacting the entire region (Sen 1999). This concept uses the creation or absence of the means to accomplish a task as a measurement of true capability. Simply because the United States citizen has the right to vote, lacking the means to get there or read the literature, will still fail to vote (Sen 1999). This is based on the person’s capabilities, which can then in turn be interpreted in a policy form in order to enhance the operation of the governing body. The Human Development Index, or HDI, was created in order to ascertain the population position of development when compared to other nations (Sen 1999). This gauge was created in order to gauge how development issues impacted a national policy picture. This concept sought to move away from the revenue centered concept to a people and skill oriented system based on capabilities (Sen 1999). With several different elements that differentiated social opportunity the system created an accurate illustration of the possibilities. The HDI system is based on the three separate elements including life expectancy, or the rate of recorded health of the local population , the element of education has the potential to impact development at every level, and finally the basic standard of living (Sen 1999). In each case the perception of positive or negative development is based on the foundation of civilian capability. Robeyns (2006) cites the capabilities system as gaining in use over the course of the past generation due to the perception of realistic components. The core of this argument revolves around a person’s ability to function, such as their state of being. This argument directly links the capacity of the human development with the overall economic development (Robeyns 2006). This argument contends that the development of any economy is based on the capabilities of their workforce. Ranis (2011), however, argued that the scope of the created capabilities paradigm is short and lacking in fundamental depth. This argument contends that there are substantially more than three areas that must be considered in order to accurately gauge the interplay between economic and human development (Ranis 2011). Utilizing this approach to human development incorporates over 31 separate categories that must be assessed in order to determine the rate of development. Alkire (2002) illustrates the any attempt to gauge either human development or economic development is intimately intertwined. From a philosophical perspective, the separation of one from the other would make the ability to illustrate an accurate culture picture incomplete. The aspect of human development touches on every element of economic development (Alkire 2002). Every element from the amount of money spent to the products consumed as well as the associated capability to sustain this consumption is critical to any economic development. The Sen (1999) capability approach defines poverty as the lack of capabilities or freedoms that have value or give the citizens cause to value. A bleak economic outlook can cause a substantial impact to associated human development, in that services including health care, education and food and water may be restricted or denied (Alkire 2007). This form of economic impact can serve to create a cycle of destruction that will stifle any form of devel opment. 3 Conclusion Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay has assessed what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated and produced several interesting concepts. The presented evidence clearly illustrates that both economic and human development is closely related and share many elements. Economic development is dependent on the capabilities of the population and human development is based on the presence of resources and opportunity that the economy creates. Economic development is deeply and fundamentally impacted by a populations education and related social structures in order to thrive. This is continued indication of the close companionship that exists between both concepts. Further, lacking a solid economy, the population’s opportunity to achieve a better foundation is weakened, adding to any perceived economic difficulty. The lack of these basic elements can lead to long term poverty which can in turn lead to long term economic failure. On a philosophical note, the ability to assist those that need help through policy or programs only enhances the social infrastructure, which will in turn build a better economy. In the end, while the concepts of human and economic development are separate concerns, their shared elements make this a critical issue to address for each one. It will be the recognition of this fact on a global scale that will lead to the human development opportunities of the next era. 4 References Alkire, S. 2005. Valuing freedoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alkire, S. 2002. Dimensions of human development. World development, 30 (2), pp. 181–205. Alkire, S. 2007. Choosing dimensions: The capability approach and multidimensional poverty.Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper, (88). Fukuda-Parr, S. 2003. The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen.’s ideas on capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9 (2-3), pp. 301–317. Nussbaum, M. C. 2011. Capabilities, entitlements, rights: supplementation and critique. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12 (1), pp. 23–37. Ranis, G., Stewart, F. and Samman, E. 2006. Human development: beyond the human development index. Journal of Human Development, 7 (3), pp. 323–358. Robeyns, I. 2006. The capability approach in practice*. Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (3), pp. 351–376. Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Knopf.