The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the Research Paper

The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the community - Research Paper Example This essay will look into the negative and positive effects of social enterprise to the community. Introduction A social enterprise is a business, which aims not only to generate money, but as well to bring about a positive impact upon the communities it serves, the individuals with whom it operates with as well as their own work forces. A social enterprise can hire and pay earnings like a private-sector business; however, its focus is on the environmental or social aim, which differs from that of the private-sector (Dart & Zimmerman, 2004). Therefore, social enterprise entails the quest of business activities to attain a social undertaking. Social enterprise could include a range of activities like community-economic development, profit making activities within a nonprofit corporation, which might or might not be interrelated to the corporation’s services, and an alliance with the private industry (Alter, 2004). When social enterprise mission deviates from the intended missio n can bring negative effects to the community such as its accountability to the mission. This paper will discuss the negative effects of social enterprises to the community. ... Yet again, some imagine that rationalist justifications overlook several of the political and cultural basis and derivations of social enterprises. Economic and rational explanations are deemed to highpoint narrow strategic or economic aims for the structure and existence of establishments while they may have developed in reaction to wider and more intricate structures (Alter, 2004). Institutional elucidations explore organizational atmospheres to pinpoint changes, which would explain the changes in the manner that community confers legality to organizational languages, forms, practices and values. Environmental changes elucidate the advent of novel organizational systems (Dart & Brenda, 2004). A legitimacy typology suggests accounts and effects for the comprehensive development of social-enterprises as well as for its snowballing emphasis upon the commercial attribute of its description. The least theoretical legitimacy level is 'pragmatic'. On this degree, legitimacy is rendered by stakeholder factions when an endeavor affords something of significance (Heeks & Arun, 2009). Social enterprises are pragmatically legitimate since they reduce organizational financing needs or are an innovative resolution to social hitches. Pragmatic legitimacy is alike to rationalist as well as instrumental descriptions of social-enterprise importance. Nevertheless, pragmatic legitimacy states that legitimization might just as freely originate from social-enterprise clients or investors. This underlines the likelihood that social-enterprise is propelled by investor groups and priorities, which strengthen the traditional social-sector dependency upon investor resources

People Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

People Resourcing and Development - Essay Example ve and motivate employee performance and generally contribute to the overall output (performance) of an organization (Pilbeam&Corbridge2010, p.16).In as much as it is intended for the good of employee, manager, and overall organization, performance appraisal has become a controversial aspect of human resource functions. This is because most managers do not have clear guidelines of enacting it, and in most cases, managers have not described their ratings of the process as completely accurate or honest. In the light of this revelation, the following study text will discuss the practice of performance appraisal in an organization as being more of a curse than a blessing in improving and motivating employee performance. Performance appraisals cannot be done collectively like trainings but are conducted per individual. In short, every employee needs to have their own appraisals done by the manager. Today’s organizations on the other hand range from medium sized to large, meaning that there may be tens to hundreds or thousands of employees per organization, all under the same human resources department. This means that the manager doing the performance appraisals has to invest a lot of time into the activity (Aggarwal, Sundar, & Thakur 2013, p.617). In as much as the appraisals are done to boost the organizations, they can mean wasting a lot of precious production time especially on the part of the manager. Apart from writing the appraisals, the managers are required to meet with staff and supervisors to collect information regarding the employees. This fact portrays the curse part of performance appraisals in that managers are critical factors in organizations and if their time for important matters in diverted to lesser-deserving issues, it may result in dismalperformance due to misalignment of management duties. For instance, time for overseeing of organizational functions may reduce, therefore exposing the organization to functional problems. Managers, who are at

Food Safety Contamination Types and Causes

Food Safety Contamination Types and Causes Introduction Food safety refers to the guarantee that must be given to consumers that the food is safe for consumption. If this is not the case then the food is contaminated. Food can be contaminated in different ways. Some food may already contain bacteria or foreign body but on the other hand food may also be contaminated if it is not handled properly. Food contamination can be in different ways namely: Biological contamination Physical contamination Chemical contamination In order to prevent food contamination the food must be handled and store properly. This can be done by using and apply proper conditions and measures. In this report we’ll be seeing 3 cases of food contamination, the measures and solution that need to be taken in order to prevent them. Case study 1 Question 1: Analyze and discuss the type of contamination and provide examples. According to the information provided in case study one; it’s a case of physical contamination. Physical contamination can be any foreign body found in food. Foreign objects can include hair, plastics, wood or even jewelry. This case is a typical physical contamination due to foreign body found, that is the beetle’s wings (dark color fragments). The drugstore beetle lives in warmer and dry climate. It feeds on dry products such as dried herbs, cereal products, bread, etc. The factory is an excellent place for the beetle to live and feed. The beetle’s wings were identified by a light microscope and concluded that it’s the Biscuit beetle or the Drugstore beetle. The record of inspection also shows that the insects were present earlier in the premises of the industry. This means that there had not been an effective pest control and those insects were not eradicated. The phosphatase test shows that the insects were exposed to high temperature during the baking of the biscuits, this result shows two possibilities: The insects were already in the premises of the building and fell into the product during baking or, The raw products used to make the biscuits (such as flour, herbs for flavoring, etc.) already contain the insects and were used without examined properly. Concerning physical contamination, the contaminated food can contain any foreign object even condoms! August 2010, Philip Hodousek, a California man says he ordered a French soup and found a condom in it which he thought was melted cheese. He has settled a lawsuit against the restaurant: Claim Jumper. At first the restaurant denied that incident but after the condom was sent for a DNA test and revealed that the DNA present was neither for the plaintiff nor for his wife. According to City News Service, his lawyer rejected an offer of $30,000 because he was proved innocent and was accused of putting the condom in the soup to scam and to destroy the reputation of the restaurant. (Dennis Romero 2010) By an early morning, walking alone in a subway you can get stabbed by a 7 inch knife but now the problem is you can get stabbed by eating one! According to CBS News, John Agnesini, 27 years old, found a 7-inch knife while eating his sandwich that he bought at a subway in New York. Luckily he noticed it at time and hasn’t got any physical damage but he fell ill with severe stomach issues for hours after eating it. He settled a lawsuit against the subway and the case seeks for about $1 million indemnity. (CBS News 2008) Here are some examples of foreign body found in food which make them a physical contamination: A man found hair in his steak at West Bend restaurant.(Dan Benson,2008) A woman found a metal bolt in her hamburger at Applebee’s restaurant in Albuquerque.(KOB News, Danielle Todesco,2014) A â€Å"nose ring† was found in a children’s breakfast at McDonald. (Taylor Berman,2012) As we have seen, there a lot of foreign objects that was found in many restaurants or fast foods. This has negative effects on the reputation on the restaurants or on the consumer itself. Many precautions and control measures should be taken to ensure safety in consumable products. Question 2(a): Effects of physical contamination. Physical contamination can lead to many hazardous effects. One of the many is physical injury. As we have seen, the metal bolt found can lead to serious dental injury. There are also broken glasses found in food which can cause gum bleeding and injure the lining of the gut. Some foreign body can even cause suffocation as they block the respiratory system. Foreign objects can bring along harmful microorganisms in foods. This can result in food poisoning. Objects such as hair, needle or condom can bring many diseases, in some cases: incurable. Another adverse effect is for the establishment itself. The reputation of the institution can be ruined; even it can cause the organization to be closed forever at some level depending on the case. The establishment can make great loss because of legal actions and lawsuits. There is great loss of food as the food become spoiled and cannot be used. Question 2(b): Controls to prevent physical contamination. Physical contamination occurs by accident. Therefore, there are certain controls and measures to prevent it. First of all, the most common physical contamination is hair found in food. So, first of all we need to be sure that employees are following the policy of the institution. They must wear appropriate protective clothes. A human being loses 50-75 hairs a day; food handlers should wear a hairnet or a hat. Staff should not wear any jewelry and cuts covered with plasters should be waterproof and need to be tie properly as it may fall during handling of food. Staff should also be responsible as they must have good personal hygiene. For example: nails need to be cut neatly as it can break and fall into the food. The establishment should have a good maintenance program to ensure durability in machine equipment. Broken equipment or machine in repairs should not be kept near preparation of food, this increases the risk of food contamination. The building also should be renewed as to prevent paint or other objects to detach and fall into the food. To protect the establishment from nuisance, pest control should be made appropriately. Also, all the cooked and uncooked food should be covered to prevent dust particles or other foreign objects to fall in. In spite of all the measures and security being followed, customer complaints keep increasing. But, controls and measures should be sustainable and to be followed all the time. Managers should ensure that all the security measures are being followed not only for the employees but also for the suppliers. Case study 2 Question 1: Analyze and discuss the type of contamination and provide examples. According to the information provided in case study two, it’s a chemical contamination. Chemical contamination is the presence of chemical substances produce naturally by plants and animals or introduced accidentally, which make the food unfit for consumption. This can be hazardous depending on the substance introduced or chemicals present in high concentrations. As per the case study, Susumber berries are listed noxious weed in U.S. The berries may contain toxic substances but we don’t know exactly at what stage it’s the most toxic. As the berries were cooked and then frozen, we can conclude that heat don’t have an effect on the berries but the consumption number has an effect on the consumer, that is the third person consume a smaller amount of the berries and hence experienced another effects compared to the other two. These conclusions are based on clinical symptoms and also the toxicity of the berries is not well known, so we can say that another substance have caused these effects. For example, chaconine poisoning was suspected and chaconine is found when potatoes turn green. As we have seen, chemical contaminations could be due to: Naturally occurring toxins. For example, the red kidney bean produces a toxic agent (kidney bean lectin). The beans need to be cooked at high temperature for a long time to be out of danger. Other examples are: shellfish, certain fish such as the fugu (puffer fish), rhubarb and potatoes. Reactions during food processing At high temperature cooking such as grilling and irradiation. Environmental contamination It can be from residues from agricultural or other processes such as insecticides, herbicides, pesticides. In japan, mostly all the villages in the village of Minamata were found to be contaminated by consuming fish. Industries throw their waste products containing mercury into the river. Fish were contaminated with these product and so the villages by fishery. (Douglas Allchin n.d) In 2008, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were mix with wine to dilute it. (Reuters 2008) In 2003, veterinary antibiotic nitrofurans (which are banned) were found in chicken. This chemical can cause cancer over long term consumption. (FSA News Item 2003) Question 2(a): Effects of chemical contamination. The effects of chemical contamination can be determined by chemical introduced in the food and also the dose. For example, lack of iron in the body causes anemia but too much iron can cause death. In some cases, effects can be both physical and mental. Substances such as mercury can cause handicap and even death. Other substances can cause damage to our nervous systems. But in light cases chemical can cause: Abdominal pain Nausea Headaches Dizziness Also it causes loss to the organization as the spoiled food should be discarded and it must face legal actions. Question 2(b): Controls to prevent chemical contamination. Establishment involve in the production of food should: Separate chemical equipment from the production of food Chemical equipment such as cleaners and sanitizers should be clearly labeled Ensure that raw materials entering the production line should be checked and labeled Ensure that suppliers are correct, that is, they are using legal substances and in right amount Inspect and control stock regularly Proper waste management. Food handlers should be trained and supervise so as they follow the rules and regulation of dosing or diluting any substances. They must know the purpose and function of the chemical before using it. Chemicals must be stored in designated storage areas or cupboard. Case study 3 Question (a): Discuss the type of food borne illness. Biological contamination refers to biological substances (living organisms) such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, molds and yeast that cause health problems when introduced in the body. Biological contamination exists in two forms: food intoxication or food infection. Food infection is the consumption of food containing bacteria whereas food intoxication is the consumption of food containing both bacteria and toxins (from biological source). Toxins are poisonous substances produced by a living organism which can make harm to human or animals. According to the evidences provided in case study three, this is a case of biological contamination, more precisely it’s a case of food intoxication. This is because the bacteria clostridium botulinum and B toxin was found. Question (b): Discuss the symptoms, sources and effects caused by C. Botulinum The bacteria and the toxin were found in the in yoghurt. The hazelnut yoghurt can be considered as high risk food because of its protein content. The decrease concentration of sugar so as to decrease calorie in yoghurt can be a factor that contributed to the growth of the bacteria. The reason for this outbreak is the bacteria found in cans of hazelnut puree. As it’s an anaerobic bacterium, it grows best in places with less oxygen. Usually this bacterium is associated with can food as inadequate processing of the hazelnut puree can decrease the pH of the food sufficiently to permit the growth of the bacteria. Due to the new formulation, decrease in temperature cannot kill all the bacteria. The rest of the bacteria that survive multiplied in the yoghurt. Toxins produce by clostridium botulinum causes botulism. The symptoms appear after 18-36 hours after consumption. But the time can vary from individuals. If the person infected is not treated rapidly, it can result in death. The early symptoms experienced by infected persons are: Difficulty in swallowing Fatigue Vomiting Nausea Dizziness Double vision The toxins produce by the bacteria can cause severe paralysis as it acts on our nervous systems. At first the patient will experience weakness in arms and neck. If this continues to the chest, the later will have difficulties in breathing as the respiratory muscles will be affected and later on, death may occur. The most serious effect cause by the bacteria is obviously death. But that’s not all that the bacteria will do to a patient. The paralysis cause by the later can be forever. Recovery from this disease can take weeks or even month, some people never recover fully. (WHO 2013) Question (c): Describe and discuss with examples two other bacteria, mentioning the symptoms, sources and effects, which cause food borne illness. Listeria Listeria is the bacterium that is responsible for the disease listeriosis. It is mainly found in soil and water and some animals such as cattle and poultry. It can also be present in food made from raw milk. Unlike other bacteria, listeria can grow in both in oxygenated conditions (aerobic) and conditions where there is no oxygen (anaerobic). It can also grow and multiply in refrigerated conditions which make it very dangerous. Therefore refrigerated pà ¢tà ©s or meat spreads is not advisable to eat. But this bacterium is destroyed by high temperature and pasteurized milk. The incubation period of this bacterium can be about 3-70 days. The infected person will feel weakness, vomiting, stiff neck and fever and sometimes diarrhea. Although it is treated with antibiotics certain measures should be taken to avoid it. A proper sanitation must be done to prevent not only listeriosis but other bacteria. A good sanitizer for listeria is alcohol. Kitchen materials such as knife, chopping board and the raw product itself should be washed properly. Ready-to-eat foods and leftovers should be heated to high temperature and consumed rapidly. Refrigerated food should be kept below 4o C to prevent growth of the bacteria. (Kenneth Todar n.d) Campylobacter Campylobacter is responsible for the disease campylobacteriosis. It is recognize as the main cause of bacterial foodborne disease in many countries. It causes mainly intestinal infection. It is mainly found in raw or undercooked poultry, contaminated water and unpasteurized milk. Contaminated water is also a source of contamination. Many cases were reported because of contaminated water during recreational activities. But most cases it’s by animal or animal products. The major contributor to this disease is believed to be undercooked poultry which is contaminated. Infected persons can experience cramping and abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhea (sometimes bloody). This can be after 2-5 days after exposure to the bacteria. Although campylobacteriosis is not a fatal disease but 76 people die every year. This is due to severe diarrhea which makes the body lose a lot of water. Beside those effects, there are preventive methods to limit the proliferation of the bacteria. First of all we must start at the base of the food chain. Farm animals such as poultry should be fed with uncontaminated water. There must be good water systems and also a good waste management because campylobacter can survive in its feces. Animals should be slaughtered according to the rules. Meat, especially poultry should be cooked at significant temperature to destroy the bacteria and raw milk should be pasteurized. (NCEZID 2013) Question (d): Discuss the impact of food borne illness. Food borne illness can have an impact not only for the infected people but its worldwide. It can have an impact on our social life. Some of the infected persons which have not recovered completely must stay in bed for the rest of their life and the medical care must go on. This can be costly. Cases of trauma can erect from individuals suffering from a long time. In another hand, some people are paralyzed for the rest of their life. It can also have an impact socially. If the outbreak is not controlled many people and animals can lose their life. Another impact of food borne illness can be at economical level. Contaminated food and animal should be destroyed. If cases of contamination are reported in poultry, most of the animals should be killed and this results in great loss of money. Money should be invested to have a good water system in order to provide the animals with uncontaminated water. The farm should have a good waste management so that feces are discarded safely. Infected persons won’t be able to go to work and the level of absenteeism will increase. This will decrease the income -in terms of money- of our country. Question (e): Discuss how foodborne illness can be controlled Although cases of foodborne illness keep increasing, preventive measure must be taken to diminish those outbreaks. First of all, the organization must have a good food safety management as well as pest control system and good wastage system. Most of the cases occur by accident or due to inappropriate conservation method or mistake while processing food. As a precaution method, food handlers should be educated in types of foodborne disease, causes and preventive methods. Often we say that people are the key to prevent or to reduce foodborne diseases. That’s why staffs should have a good personal hygiene such as nails must be cut to prevent it from breaking off while handling food or the use of gloves where it’s necessary. Sanitation practices can decrease cases of foodborne illness. For example, if a knife and chopping board is used to cut a chicken, it must be washed thoroughly and sanitized before cutting other ingredients. Chemical sanitizers must be used to kill bact eria as it contains acidic solution; bacteria cannot survive in acidic conditions. Storage areas must be kept clean and controlled regularly. Food items must be well preserved to prevent access to insects and rodents. Insects like cockroaches carry a lot of harmful bacteria. All materials used or food contact surfaces must be cleaned and sanitize before and after work. Cross contamination should be avoided as it may carry bacteria from one item to another. Food must be used before the perishable date. Industries using food in masse must get their raw products from a trusted supplier as bacteria such as campylobacter and salmonella is transmitted by infected water and feces. If the supplier or the farm proprietor does not have a good water system, all the animals can get infected. Food must be stored in such temperature to avoid the ‘danger zone’. The danger is a range of temperature where the bacteria multiply rapidly. Food must be stored below 4oC and cooked food must be served above 63oC to be sure that most the bacteria are dead. Low temperature (below 4oC) make the bacteria inactive, after defrosting the food it must be cook rapidly in order to prevent the bacteria from multiplying. Pre-prepared food and leftovers must be consumed within 4 days and if in doubt, it must be discarded.

The Gradual Development Of Cha :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding, and the topic of this essay is to show how Golding suggests that the boys on the island gradually move from their civilized behavior to total anarchy. In the book, Lord of the Flies, an undefined number of boys are stranded on a desert island, and a leader is chosen. From the start, there is a power struggle between the chosen leader, Ralph, and the leader of a boys choir,Jack. There is also a gradual descent into anarchy as the boys spend more time on the island alone. In the end, they are rescued by a navy ship, but not before atleast two children are dead, namely Piggy and Simon, both murdered. In this essay it will be shown that the boys on the island move from civilization to total anarchy, through the examples of their use of face paint, the death of Simon and the destruction of the conch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Lord of the Flies, an example of their move from civilization to anarchy lies the use of face paint among the boys on the island. Some of the boys, like Ralph and Piggy, never wear face paint. This shows that they stay civilized throughout the story, while the other kids do not. Early in the story, when the hunters chase after a pig, they all where mud, clay, and charcoal as face paint to be 'like things trying to look like something else-'; (Lord of the Flies, William Golding, p. 66). Later, when Jack forms his own tribe they go hunting with masks of pig blood on their faces, as masks. Golding suggests that the children are able to disguise themselves behind these masks, and escape any punishment, therefore freeing them to do as they please. This shows that Golding wanted the reader to think that while the children are afraid of punishment (when they have just arrived on the island), they are civilized in their behaviour, but when they wear their masks, and ar e able to rid themselves of the responsibility of their actions they begin to act more savage-like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of how the children on the island moved from civilization to anarchy is the progression of the dance they perform. In the beginning, when they dance they all gather in a circle and one child is in the middle, acting as the beast. The children would then proceed to pretend to beat the child, but instead leave him unharmed.

The production possibility curve

Introduction:The production possibility curve is a curve that represents the total number of goods and services that can be produced in an economy given certain levels of resources in the economy, the productions possibility curve helps check whether an economy has idle resources and if an economy produces optimally then this will result into economic growth, there are factors that lead to a shift in the production possibility curve, this includes changes in technology, change in the productivity of factors of production and increased efficiency and finally the curve will shift as a result of increased resources in the economy.Production possibility curve:The production possibility curve is a curve that represents the maximum or optimal resource usage when both goods and services are produced, the production possibility curve shows the position in which an economy can be producing its goods and services, an economy that produces below the production possibility curve is said to have idle resources, when the point is on the production possibility curve then the economy is optimally using all the resources available in an economy to produce both goods and services.The diagram below shows the production possibility curve:The above diagram is the production possibility curve, when the economy produces at point A then the economy is under producing and there are idle resource in the economy, if the economy produces at point B then the economy is producing optimally where there are no idle resources in the economy, point C is unachievable and an economy cannot produce at this point, this is because the point is above the production possibility curve.Shift in the production possibility curve:The production possibility frontier will shift outward if there is increased productivity in the factors of production. If the productivity of the factors of production improves then the production possibility curve will shift outwards as follows:The other factors that will cause the possibility production curve to shift is the improvement of technology, the curve will shift outward if there is an improvement in the technology in the economy.The discovery and exploitation of resources in the economy will also cause a shift in the production possibility curve, if there is a discovery and the exploitation of resources that are used in the production of goods and services then the curve will shift outwards.Effects of producing more goods for the future to the PPC:When an economy produces more goods then it is possible to achieve the point where the economy utilises all its factors of production and the point of production will be at along the curve, the excess production of goods and services will also tend to influence producers to explore new resources for production and this will lead to a shift in the curve to a higher level.Conclusion:The production possibility curve depicts the total number of goods and services that can be produced in an economy given th e level of resources in the economy, the productions possibility curve helps check whether an economy has idle resources and if an economy produces optimally then this will result into economic growth.  There are factors that lead to a shift in the production possibility curve, this includes changes in technology, change in the productivity of factors of production and increased efficiency and finally the curve will shift as a result of increased resources in the economy.If an economy produces more goods then it achieve the point where the economy utilises all its factors of production and the point of production will be at along the curve, the excess production of goods and services will also tend to influence producers to explore new resources for production and this will lead to a shift in the curve to a higher level.References:Brian Snow (1997) Macroeconomics: Introduction to Macroeconomics, Rout ledge publishers, UK

Is human development different from economic development?

our site – HRM DISSERTATION EXAMPLE – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING Abstract Can the concepts of human and economic development be separatedThis study assesses the value of each development type independently and then together. The evidence presented illustrate the fact the human and economic development share elements, yet are different aspects of civilization. This essay will be of value to any researcher studying this development. 1 Introduction Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay will assess to what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated. Beginning with an overview of human development and economic development will create a defining point from which to begin. Following this section with an overview of literature that illustrates the position and process behind each of these concepts will enable a demonstration of impact. The combination of the first sections of the paper will enable a reasonable assessment of the nature of both systems. In the end, this essay will have considered past definitions, modern practice and future potential of both human and economic development with the stated goal of determining the degree of difference that is present between them. 2 Human Development versus Economic Development2.1 Human DevelopmentSen (1999) defines human development as an expansion of capacity that has the potential to improve human lives. This theory illustrates the benefits that can be created by measuring capabilities of the population. Development is the capacity to overcome issues in life that might include ill health, illiteracy or political or civil freedoms (Sen 1999). Concerned with the dual aspects of people and development this approach consistently utilizes key human components as signal posts for progress and increased accuracy of public policy. Alkire (2005:32) contends that human capabilities are what people can actually do and be in life. Utilizing a pattern of comparison, this vision touches on the capacity to compare cultures and determine the best overall means of fostering and enhancing these basic human capabilities.2.2 Economic DevelopmentEconomic development is the not the concept of the quantity or use of utility but a s a measure of the potential expansion of valuable capacities (Alkire 2005). Others describe economic development as the potential for continued business centred expansion (Sen 1999) illustrates that governments have utilized the denial of basic human need and rights as a means to spur rapid economic development. This approach directly ties the perception of the population to the ability for the economy to function and grow. Economic development is tied to a multi-tiered influences that include underlying security concerns (Sen 1999). A fundamental approach taken illustrates that the economic development of any given region is founded on the process available and the opportunities for the population to accomplish the intended goals.2.3 Human Development and Economic DevelopmentWith the increase in technology and development potential there has been an increase in the need to promote both economic and human development (Fukuda Parr 2011). Modern instrument including the Sen (1999) ba sed Human Development Reports tie the state and capacity of the population to the effectiveness of any development options. Further Fukuda Parr (2011) contend that the alteration or state of politics has a direct impact on the manner in which a population influences the overall state of development. Nussbaum (2011) ties the concept of basic human rights to the capabilities of a population. This argument illustrates that the basic ideals of social justice and human rights are embodied within a government, which in turn provides development opportunities for the population. Further, the concept of capabilities is directly complementary to the notion of human rights and the need to make each citizen equal under the law (Nussbaum 2011). It is the instrument of human rights that has the capability to drive a nation into the next era of development. Sen (1999) argues that a determination of population capabilities will lead to the manner in which to implement positive change. This approach emphasizes that the condition and opportunities available to the population will have a direct impact on the overall economic development. The lack of opportunity or resources creates a form of deprivation which is detrimental to the associated development process (Sen 1999). Using famine as a teach ing tool, this approach clearly outlines the potential available by highlighting the positive aspects of the civilian population. With the absence of freedom and action and the lack of nourishment, the capacity for the farmers to develop was curtailed, thereby impacting the entire region (Sen 1999). This concept uses the creation or absence of the means to accomplish a task as a measurement of true capability. Simply because the United States citizen has the right to vote, lacking the means to get there or read the literature, will still fail to vote (Sen 1999). This is based on the person’s capabilities, which can then in turn be interpreted in a policy form in order to enhance the operation of the governing body. The Human Development Index, or HDI, was created in order to ascertain the population position of development when compared to other nations (Sen 1999). This gauge was created in order to gauge how development issues impacted a national policy picture. This concept sought to move away from the revenue centered concept to a people and skill oriented system based on capabilities (Sen 1999). With several different elements that differentiated social opportunity the system created an accurate illustration of the possibilities. The HDI system is based on the three separate elements including life expectancy, or the rate of recorded health of the local population , the element of education has the potential to impact development at every level, and finally the basic standard of living (Sen 1999). In each case the perception of positive or negative development is based on the foundation of civilian capability. Robeyns (2006) cites the capabilities system as gaining in use over the course of the past generation due to the perception of realistic components. The core of this argument revolves around a person’s ability to function, such as their state of being. This argument directly links the capacity of the human development with the overall economic development (Robeyns 2006). This argument contends that the development of any economy is based on the capabilities of their workforce. Ranis (2011), however, argued that the scope of the created capabilities paradigm is short and lacking in fundamental depth. This argument contends that there are substantially more than three areas that must be considered in order to accurately gauge the interplay between economic and human development (Ranis 2011). Utilizing this approach to human development incorporates over 31 separate categories that must be assessed in order to determine the rate of development. Alkire (2002) illustrates the any attempt to gauge either human development or economic development is intimately intertwined. From a philosophical perspective, the separation of one from the other would make the ability to illustrate an accurate culture picture incomplete. The aspect of human development touches on every element of economic development (Alkire 2002). Every element from the amount of money spent to the products consumed as well as the associated capability to sustain this consumption is critical to any economic development. The Sen (1999) capability approach defines poverty as the lack of capabilities or freedoms that have value or give the citizens cause to value. A bleak economic outlook can cause a substantial impact to associated human development, in that services including health care, education and food and water may be restricted or denied (Alkire 2007). This form of economic impact can serve to create a cycle of destruction that will stifle any form of devel opment. 3 Conclusion Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay has assessed what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated and produced several interesting concepts. The presented evidence clearly illustrates that both economic and human development is closely related and share many elements. Economic development is dependent on the capabilities of the population and human development is based on the presence of resources and opportunity that the economy creates. Economic development is deeply and fundamentally impacted by a populations education and related social structures in order to thrive. This is continued indication of the close companionship that exists between both concepts. Further, lacking a solid economy, the population’s opportunity to achieve a better foundation is weakened, adding to any perceived economic difficulty. The lack of these basic elements can lead to long term poverty which can in turn lead to long term economic failure. On a philosophical note, the ability to assist those that need help through policy or programs only enhances the social infrastructure, which will in turn build a better economy. In the end, while the concepts of human and economic development are separate concerns, their shared elements make this a critical issue to address for each one. It will be the recognition of this fact on a global scale that will lead to the human development opportunities of the next era. 4 References Alkire, S. 2005. Valuing freedoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alkire, S. 2002. Dimensions of human development. World development, 30 (2), pp. 181–205. Alkire, S. 2007. Choosing dimensions: The capability approach and multidimensional poverty.Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper, (88). Fukuda-Parr, S. 2003. The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen.’s ideas on capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9 (2-3), pp. 301–317. Nussbaum, M. C. 2011. Capabilities, entitlements, rights: supplementation and critique. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12 (1), pp. 23–37. Ranis, G., Stewart, F. and Samman, E. 2006. Human development: beyond the human development index. Journal of Human Development, 7 (3), pp. 323–358. Robeyns, I. 2006. The capability approach in practice*. Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (3), pp. 351–376. Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Knopf.

Air Pollution Essay

Air Pollution Essay Air Pollution Essay Bales1 Air Pollution Jaylan Bales Ecology April 30, 2013 Mr. Jolly Bales2 The Impact of Air Pollution Plants are more sensitive than humans and animals to the effects of air pollution. The three most important pollutants are ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, with a greater impact on annual crops than perennial crops. The Gauteng State of the Environment Report (1995) highlighted the most significant air quality issues as follows; Global warming due to the generation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone and methane, acid deposition where sulphates and nitrates in the atmosphere are deposited in rain, mist or through dry deposition, acid deposition can lead to the salination and acidification of water resources and of soil, salination of water resources is caused by the accumulation of sulphates and nitrates on the land surface, and their transport into dams and lakes, sulphates and nitrates can increase soil acidity, concentrations of toxic metals in the soil solution may increase which can impact on plant growth. Description of Air Pollution Air pollution is a mixture of natural and man-made substances in the air we breathe such as fine particles produced by the burning of fossil fuels, ground-level ozone, which is a reactive form of oxygen that is a primary component of urban smog, and noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and chemical vapors. The health effects of air pollution have been reported in research studies over the past 30 years. These effects include respiratory diseases such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases, changes in lung function, and death. There is mounting evidence that exposure to air pollution has long-term effects on lung development in children. Bales3 Physical & Ecological Characteristics of Air Pollution Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other air pollutants can enter the pores of developing plants and break down the waxy coating that protects them from disease and excess water loss. The internal combustion engines of cars and other vehicles produce carbon monoxide, which is a highly poisonous gas. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), breathing this form of air pollution over a long period of time can cause serious respiratory problems. The effects of air pollution can be felt thousands of miles from its original source. China's industrial pollution can be felt in western parts of the United States. Aerial transport has also caused pesticides from farms in South America to arrive in Antarctica. Volcanic activity can be one of the most significant natural sources of air pollution. When volcanoes erupt, they spew large amounts of ash and toxic chemicals into the air. Desert areas create dust storms that contribute to particulate matter in the atmosphere. Forest and grass fires also produce smoke that causes chemical pollutants to enter the air. Also, the quality of air is being reduced by industrial modernization. Cement factories, mines, steel manufacturers and thermal-power plants are among some of the leading producers of air pollution. Outdoor air pollution is one of China’s most serious environmental problems. Coal is still the major source of energy, constituting about 75 percent of all energy sources. Consequently, air pollution in China predominantly consists of coal smoke, with suspended particulate matter and sulfur dioxide as the principal air pollutants. In large cities, however, with the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, air pollution has gradually changed from the conventional coal combustion type to the mixed coal combustion/motor vehicle emission type. Currently, inhalable Bales4 particles and nitrogen dioxide are the criteria pollutants of concern in China. Generally, particulate matter levels in cities in the north are higher than those in the south, whereas sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels do not differ much. In 2004, the annual average particulate matter 10

As It Is in Heaven (2004)

As It Is in Heaven (2004) The film As It Is in Heaven (2004) dwells upon some of the most important planning issues. It portrays the difference between two cultures, urban and rural. It goes without saying that these two cultures shape people’s behavior and their ways of life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on As It Is in Heaven (2004) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the basic differences between the two cultures is community environment. For instance, in urban areas there can hardly be the notion of neighborhood, since in urban areas people are concerned with their problems and do not pay attention to what is going on around them. On the contrary, rural areas are characterized by certain community environment where people know each other, and often intervene in each other’s lives. It is important to add that public opinion is what people in urban areas ignore in the majority of cases. People simply have no time to watch a fter someone else. Besides, there are far too many people in urban areas, so everyone is almost invisible in such a crowd. However, in rural areas people try to have positive image and take into account the public opinion, the opinion of people living in the neighborhood. This peculiarity of rural areas is revealed in the film. For instance, many people (especially women) try to make their neighbors conduct in accordance with high morality. Such people as Siv even have no time for their private life since they keep an eye on the neighborhood. It goes without saying that such peculiarities of culture shape people’s behavior. As far as urban areas are concerned, people enjoy much individual freedom and that is why they are bolder, so to speak. As for rural communities people do not have much of individual freedom. People are afraid to do something that can evoke negative attitude of neighbors. Some may say that it is good since people in rural areas are watched and will have to conduct properly. However, this is not the case. In rural areas people often misbehave, but try to conceal their inappropriate behavior. Thus, Gabriella is beaten by a husband and community did not affect her husband to prevent that disgraceful behavior. However, rural areas provide people with something that cannot be underestimated. In rural areas people feel the support of their neighbors and whenever something bad happens they can count on others to help them. There is almost nothing of this kind in urban areas where people often feel lonely and depressed because of the lack of support and even communication.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I have experience in both cultures so I can point out positive and negative point in both of them. The negative facets of these cultures are as follows: in urban areas people are too distant from each other, and in rural areas i t is sometimes quite hard to feel free. However, I must say that in rural area it is easier to live since people feel support and can count on their neighborhood. I was lucky to live in a rural area where people were not so concerned with morality, and there was quite a lot of individual freedom. Thus, every rule has exceptions, and in urban areas people sometimes feel support. On balance, I would like to point out that proper and effective planning presupposes that all the peculiarities of these two areas are taken into account. Perfect area for living should include positive points of both cultures and should not have negative facets of these cultures.

Four simple tricks for new years resolutions that stick

Four simple tricks for new years resolutions that stick Four simple tricks for resolutions that stick Its that time again. A new year, a (seemingly) new beginning and a brand new chance to do everything a bit better. Clean slates are always appealing, and the turning of one year into another is as good a prompt as any to make a change – especially since it comes preloaded with tradition. Yet, as we all know, those early pledges to eat better, exercise more or spend less so often slip by mid-January, or even sooner. And the same is true at work. You may have aspirations to climb the career ladder, learn new skills, improve your communication, win more bids or achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction. So, how can you ensure that your work-related good intentions become a catalyst for real and lasting change, to make your business objectives for 2017 a reality? 1. You need to actually want it It sounds ridiculously obvious, but its so important. We often pick resolutions because we think we should behave a different way, or they may even be based on what someone else wants from us. But internal motivation tends to trump external: if your heart isnt really in achieving a goal, youre unlikely to succeed. 2. You need to be SMART Every project managers favourite mnemonic for goal setting is a great fit here too. So make your resolutions specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. Many resolutions fail because theyre too big and too vague: be more productive is a fine aim, but what does that actually look like in your daily life? Break down lofty ambitions into small, specific actions youll take, including when, where and how youll do each – and how youll track it. Introduce one and build up: willpower is a limited resource, so dont spend it all at once. 3. You need to harness the power of habit Were all walking bundles of habits, amassed over a lifetime. Good or bad, they have become so ingrained theyre automatic. Like our willpower, our daily ability to make decisions is limited, and your mind will seek ways to cut down the number it must make. Once something is habitual, doing it no longer requires a decision – hence the power habit has over us. You can harness this tendency in a positive way with something New York University professor Peter Gollwitzer terms if-then planning. This just means lodging in your head a cue (the if) for the new behaviour you want to establish (the then). For example, if you have a report deadline on Friday, then thats your cue to start the structure of your report on Monday at 9.30am. Your mind will look for the prompt, and has to make only a little effort when it arrives, as the decisions been made. 4. You have to just do it Have you ever said to yourself something like, ‘I don’t have time to learn new skills with my current workload’? Or perhaps you’ve put off starting that online course because trying to get a grip on something you can’t do yet can feel pretty uncomfortable in the early stages. (I know I have.) One of the key killers of new year’s resolutions – or any decision to change – is procrastination. Its built in to the practice: we generally commit ourselves to these new ways when the actual moment of action is safely in the distance. At that point, it feels good. Were pleased with our pledge, and the fact that we dont have to act on it yet. When were faced with following through, that high is often long gone. So just expect that. And vow that even if it feels less than pleasant, then youll do it anyway. Once youve done it just a few times, youre already on the way to forming a new pattern. You might even like it. And if you still cant shake the Ill-just-start-it-tomorrow habit, try to take an objective look at why youre procrastinating. For instance, if its starting a report that youre putting off, whats behind that? Perhaps its fear of it not being perfect. (Heres a gentle insider tip: it wont be. But thats OK.) Or maybe its because you dont yet have all the information you need. In that case, make finding that information your first task, rather than actually writing anything. Of course, thats another example of breaking down overwhelming and broad tasks into small, manageable sub-tasks. Happy new career Back to the new you of 2017 then. If you have a career-related resolution like winning a promotion, making more of an impact with your business writing, or just not putting work off to the last minute, remember to break it down into smaller, specific steps. And if you need a bit of inspiration, here are some more resources to give you some help. Download our free, comprehensive guide to writing any business document. Try this technique when you really want your documents to make more impact. When you want to improve your quality control, make finishing writing your cue for this habit. Discover a specific way to enliven your documents and email, with ready-made if-then planning. Adopt these practices when you really want to take back control of your day. Improve your at-work communication and relationships by making these signs your cue to step away from email and pick up the phone. Tackle the big reason many new years resolutions fail (and generally stop wasting your valuable time). Gain confidence in your writing and invest in improving everything you write at work in specific, measurable, achievable, relevant regular actions with our online training, Emphasis 360. And get the first month at a third of the usual price here. If improving your writing at work is one of your objectives for 2017, see our business-writing courses for companies or for individuals for our range of options. You can also call us on +44 (0)1273 732 888 for a chat with one of our friendly learning advisers. Image credit: TanyaRozhnovskaya / Shutterstock

Multiple Questions on History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multiple Questions on History - Essay Example On the example of FARC it is clearly seen that this theory works. The group of people was gathered in order to protect the interests of oppressed people in the rural areas of Columbia. Another peculiarity of Focoist theory is that it was initially invented for developing countries. Thus, when Che Guevara’s theory is criticized, it may be argued that it is initially â€Å"Guerrilla War†. Revolutionary war in China has its specific laws as well. Mao Zedong has suggested strategies of revolutionary war in his well-known essays 'On Practice' and 'On Contradiction' (1937). Zedong makes an emphasis on revolutionary upheaval, which is based not on instantaneous protests, but is also confirmed by deep knowledge and profound historical experience of a nation. Maoism has guerilla roots as well. Still, unlike Che Guevara, Zedong makes an emphasis on the necessity of a proper education of a nation with regards to revolutionary issues. Question 2Atomic weapon influence on military t heory after WWII Thesis: A creation of atomic weapon after WWII signified an international pace for strategic preparation against hostile moods of the world. Atomic weapon was a serious intimidating factor uprising those countries, which owned it and diminished power of countries, which did not have it. An inevitable development of atomic weapon was propagated by its supporters and developers, such as Lawrence, Alvarez, Teller and others. They claimed that it was wise for the United States to protect their nation against intimidating factors of potential hazards caused by atomic weapon. Nevertheless, the fact that  Atomic Energy Commission forbade development of atomic weapon for America may be explained by two main reasons: a lack of technology development in this field : â€Å"Oppenheimer believed that the atomic forces of the United States would be more effective if they consisted of many large fission weapons (of which multiple bombs could be dropped on the same targets) rath er than the large and unwieldy predictions of massive super bombs, for which there were a relatively limited amounts of targets of the size to warrant such a development† (History of nuclear weapons, 2011). Consequently, it is evident that a significant shift happened in military theory. After WWII atomic weapon was mentioned as a powerful tool regulating diplomatic policies and controlling over them in the post war period. Question 3 Evolution of US military approaches in Vietnam Thesis: from thousands of hostile attacks to diplomatic negotiations, - these were limits of American political strategy in the war of Vietnam. In order to support policies of the South’s government, America sent in 1963 6,000 of forces to South Vietnam. Starting from 1965, Johnson triggered the war, bombing North Vietnam and these attacks mounted up to in 1968. During times of Nixon, starting from 1968 policies of Vietnamization was promoted. America made an attempt to destroy Communism in Vi etnam in 1970. There is a gradual evolution of military policies in Vietnam: from hostile moods to diplomatic agreements. For the American history this war was the longest one. In the result of war in Vietnam 2 mln lives were gone and 60,000 deaths among Americans emerged. South Vietnamese should be protected by the American government from totalitarian regime. Moreover, it should be noted that this lesson of war

Self Evaluation-Educational Objective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Self Evaluation-Educational Objective - Essay Example To further enhance my skills I would like to get enrolled in the MBA program where I can gain more knowledge and at the same time utilize my practical experiences and contribute to this industry. I got knowledge about it by a friend who has taken part in the MBA program and was satisfied with the curriculum and results of it. I believe that this is the right time to apply for an MBA program as education provides advantages and helps in improving the performance of the person in practical work life. I believe the most important concepts today are globalization, corporate governance and group work. The concepts and theories related to them help a lot in understanding and managing issues which arise. The most crucial issues to be managed are cultural diversity, discrimination and lack of communication skills. I believe that MBA program will be helpful in understanding the ways to tackle these issues and maintain a level of understanding between the group members or employees of the orga nization. I have the capability to work in a group and coordinate with my team members in an efficient manner. This will assist me in coordinating in a good manner with my colleagues in the MBA program and share experiences. The program will at the same time help me in broadening my perspectives with regard to the financial sector.

Managing and training a global workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing and training a global workforce - Essay Example Due to the importance of training companies have to device ways to become more effective at training a global workforce. The managing of employees internationally requires the use of sound management techniques. The business structure of a company affects the way employees are managed. Centralized and decentralized management systems function very differently. In a centralized management system all decisions are made at the top level, while in a decentralized system employees are also involved in the decision making (Blurit). Getting employees involved is a great way to instill confidence in the workers and to establish good labor relations. There are different factors that affect a company’s abilities to manage a global workforce. Four of those factors are cultural differences, language, currency differences, and regulatory variations (Gordon). The cultural differences among workforces affect a company’s ability to manage its workforce. Japanese culture is very male or iented. It would not be a good strategy for an American company to put an American woman in charge of a Japanese factory. In the United States women have equal employment opportunity, but there still exist a glass ceiling for women to get into managerial positions. During the next five years there will be more women at the top managerial positions of companies. ... Regulatory variations affect the way a company manages a global staff. The normal work week in France is 35 hours, while in the United States the normal work week is 40 hours (Itodt). The training of employees in global settings is extremely important. Due to the distance barriers companies that have headquarters in the United States or Europe have to adapt their strategies to train its staff located across the 200 countries in the world. A technique that can help multinational corporations implement training sessions faster and in a more efficient manner is the use of online training tools. An online training can be created customized to the needs of the global staff. Language barriers can be eliminated by creating the training in the native language of the population. One of the advantages of online training is the flexibility of implementation. Companies can choose to give the online lessons during working hours or to allow the employees to take the training sessions on their own time. Employees can assess the company’s intranet online to take the training. In order to be fair and to motivate employees to take the training session seriously companies can pay financial incentives upon successful completion of an online training taken at home. Due to issues associated with cultural factors another option companies can utilize to train its global workforce is to hire domestic consulting companies from the foreign location. For example a US company would hire a HR consulting specialist in China to train the employees from its Chinese operation. The use of this strategy can achieve better results because these firms have special insight into the cultural factors that motivate the employees from

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement Essay

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement that principles of justice should be chosen under certain conditions. (Rawls) Is it a f - Essay Example One of such greatly influential political philosophers of the twentieth century was John Rawls, who is thought by many to be the most important political philosopher of his time in the whole English-speaking world. More specifically, Rawls, influenced by such liberal and legal theorists as Isaiah Berlin and Herbert L. A. Hart, is widely known as the author of the almost revolutionary work "A Theory of Justice" (1971) in which he erased disciplinary lines and elaborated views which resurrected the academic interest to political philosophy. In fact, Rawls obtained the unique position among modern political philosophers as he is often referred to by politicians and in the courts. One of the main achievements of Rawls was his formulation of the two famous principles of justice as a proper solution of problems of distributive justice, which is preoccupied with determination of justice in the field of the allocation of goods and benefits within a society (Talisse, 2001, pp.3-22). However, there is a criticism of the approach of Rawls which, among other things, claims that Rawls cannot prove all the assumptions on which he builds his theory of justice. Let us take a closer look at the Rawls` principles of justice, and try to see whether the mentioned objection to Rawls constitutes a fatal one for his theory of justice. The main task of Rawls` "A Theory of Justice" was to offer a satisfying interpretation of the notion of political obligation under which citizens are compelled to follow the rules created by the state. While views of Rawls can be generally attributed to the rich social contract tradition, for him such a contract assumes a peculiar form as Rawls states that the social contract can be truly just if every member of society would agree with its terms without knowing beforehand which social position he or she would adopt. To prove his case, Rawls starts off his line of reasoning with mounting of a hypothetical case with which he attempts to show a possible

How does advertising treat convenience as necessity Research Paper

How does advertising treat convenience as necessity - Research Paper Example The major part of the revenue put aside for marketing is spent on popularizing the product through mass media ads. Print media ads and TV channel ads have emerged into internet and mobile ads in the past decade. Most of these commercials are created by extremely creative people, who are capable of creating non existing desires. Men have lived on this earth for millions of years. But, only after the advent of advertisements did he realize he cannot live without credit cards. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to analyze the subliminal messages some of the famous commercials give out. Our aim is to create awareness among the users about the dangers of uncontrolled consumerism. What seems like a simple pleasure might be a poisonous inject into the strong economic root of a country. And the most disturbing part is the governments, citizens and the entrepreneurs extend their full fledged support to this making convenience a necessity advertising policy, without any idea of the future consequences. Companies spend millions of dollars every year on such ads instead of improving the quality of their products and the lifestyle of their workmen. Even great companies which followed this strategy like Nokia have come to a standstill point where they don’t have any more to spend. They are trying hard to come out of debt now, wondering why they wasted so many millions on commercials instead of paying their debt interests on time. With problems galore, can Middle East survive another â€Å"catch bee with vinegar† type attack on its culture and economy? Literature Review Consumerism is a single word. When we analyze the roots of this practice, it reaches back to colonialism and the post world war period. Whether we like to agree or... This essay "How does advertising treat convenience as necessity?" outlines in detail how such a trance is created through visual media in an exceptional way, taking the Middle East Media as background. People who grew up in the Middle East will never forget the NIDO commercial with the tagline â€Å"NIDO - For The Golden Growing Years†. The divine mother-son sentiment was captured wonderfully in that half a minute commercial. However, the subliminal message it portrays is questionable. A luxurious milk supplement is shown as an important object of necessity which accompanies the child throughout its growth. What do such ads do? They inspire a mother to feed the baby with this product instead of the normal cow’s milk, a much cheaper and healthier product. Similarly there is the famous Close up ad featuring lemon and mint as two characters. The beauty and comical nature of the advertisement is mind blowing. The humorous romance ends with the note â€Å"love is sweet but Close up is sweeter†. This advertisement is every person’s heartthrob. The way it is portrayed lightens our mind, no matter how tensed we are. Again the subliminal message the ad portrays is the best example of how the advertising field transforms a simple paste into something as necessary as love. One Zain telecoms recent ad, features people from different countries of the Middle East like Egypt, Lebanon, Arabia and Dubai. The visuals are stunning, captured in HD camera showing the actions of various people in slow motion.

Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nike - Essay Example I will further elaborate on the financial performance with the help of the following ratio analysis. For the ratio analysis, the figures have been taken from the 2008 and 2009 financial statements. The current Ratio evaluates the liquidity of the company. It represents a safety net for the creditors. Nike has improved its liquidity over the last year. It now holds $3 for every $1 of its short term debts as compared to $2.7 of last year. In comparison to the relevant industry, it is one of the most liquid companies’ (Bloomberg, 2010). The analysis further shows that Nike holds an excess of the working capital in current assets which should be invested in the marketable securities for generation of further income. The Quick Ratio is another measure of solvency and measures the liquidity of the company. This ratio removes the inventory and prepaid from the current assets as they are not as liquid as others. Nike has improved its liquidity position in the market with a ratio of 2.4 as compared to 2.1 in 2008. It now holds $2.4 for every dollar of short term obligations to the creditors. The analysis further shows that more than 50% of the assets are help up in the receivables and hence, the company depends on the collections for meeting of the obligations. Compared to the industry, Bloomberg again reflects on the liquidity position of the company as one of the better company’s income (Bloomberg, 2010). The Debt to Equity ratio indicates the strength of the balance sheet rather than the growth and earnings prospects. Nike has reduced its debt ratio from 6% to 5% in 2009. Even though, the company increased the lending but at the same time, it also increases its equity in the market. Nike has always maintained its strength in the balance sheet because of the less leverage. Nike generated $0.05 in addition to a dollar in equity. Industry comparison shows that the company is least risky but it must add on its debt more so that it can generate

How does advertising treat convenience as necessity Research Paper

How does advertising treat convenience as necessity - Research Paper Example The major part of the revenue put aside for marketing is spent on popularizing the product through mass media ads. Print media ads and TV channel ads have emerged into internet and mobile ads in the past decade. Most of these commercials are created by extremely creative people, who are capable of creating non existing desires. Men have lived on this earth for millions of years. But, only after the advent of advertisements did he realize he cannot live without credit cards. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to analyze the subliminal messages some of the famous commercials give out. Our aim is to create awareness among the users about the dangers of uncontrolled consumerism. What seems like a simple pleasure might be a poisonous inject into the strong economic root of a country. And the most disturbing part is the governments, citizens and the entrepreneurs extend their full fledged support to this making convenience a necessity advertising policy, without any idea of the future consequences. Companies spend millions of dollars every year on such ads instead of improving the quality of their products and the lifestyle of their workmen. Even great companies which followed this strategy like Nokia have come to a standstill point where they don’t have any more to spend. They are trying hard to come out of debt now, wondering why they wasted so many millions on commercials instead of paying their debt interests on time. With problems galore, can Middle East survive another â€Å"catch bee with vinegar† type attack on its culture and economy? Literature Review Consumerism is a single word. When we analyze the roots of this practice, it reaches back to colonialism and the post world war period. Whether we like to agree or... This essay "How does advertising treat convenience as necessity?" outlines in detail how such a trance is created through visual media in an exceptional way, taking the Middle East Media as background. People who grew up in the Middle East will never forget the NIDO commercial with the tagline â€Å"NIDO - For The Golden Growing Years†. The divine mother-son sentiment was captured wonderfully in that half a minute commercial. However, the subliminal message it portrays is questionable. A luxurious milk supplement is shown as an important object of necessity which accompanies the child throughout its growth. What do such ads do? They inspire a mother to feed the baby with this product instead of the normal cow’s milk, a much cheaper and healthier product. Similarly there is the famous Close up ad featuring lemon and mint as two characters. The beauty and comical nature of the advertisement is mind blowing. The humorous romance ends with the note â€Å"love is sweet but Close up is sweeter†. This advertisement is every person’s heartthrob. The way it is portrayed lightens our mind, no matter how tensed we are. Again the subliminal message the ad portrays is the best example of how the advertising field transforms a simple paste into something as necessary as love. One Zain telecoms recent ad, features people from different countries of the Middle East like Egypt, Lebanon, Arabia and Dubai. The visuals are stunning, captured in HD camera showing the actions of various people in slow motion.

Organic Food Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Organic Food Industry Analysis Essay The organic products industry has shown consistent growth over the last 25 years, growing 3,400% (Flynn, 2014). The organic industry earned $35 billion in 2014 up from $1 billion in 1990 (Flynn, 2014). Credited with being the primary market force drivers, food safety and health concerns have been driving the industry since the end of the 2009 recession. This research paper examines the organic products industry and identifies how supply and demand affects future prices of organic products. ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 3 Organic Industry Analysis This paper provides a succinct market analysis of the organic food and product industry. The paper provides background and description of the organic product market. The paper examines U. S. and global market trends of the organic food and product industry by examining demand and supply for organic products. This paper identifies key box store retailers and describes their roles in driving the organic food industry. Analyzing various studies from the USDA and its Economic Research Section (ERS) identified the driving market forces behind the popularity of the organic foods and products, which are the improvement of health and reduction of pesticides from individual diets. The purpose of this paper is to identify market trends and the driving forces behind the global organic food and product market. The driving forces behind the organic food market are health conscious millennials and new mothers who want to reduce chemicals from their diet. Background and Description The term organic has been the topic of controversy for academics and business leaders since the 1940s. The controversy involves several sub-topics such as lack of international standards for organics, cross contamination of organic products during transport, genetically modified organisms (GMO), chemicals and pesticides, and costs to produce organic goods. The definition of organic is: made or grown without the use of artificial chemicals (Organic, 2015). The premise of organic food is not new; however, the creation of national standards has objectively standardized what may be considered an organic product. As the global population grows, the demand for food has caused farmers to increase efficacy and reduce crop waste; however, the methodology utilized to preserve crops may be more of a detriment to human health resulting in the higher demand for uncontaminated food sources and products. ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 4 Demand The organic food market was supply driven for many years; however, demand now drives the organic market (Dimitri Oberholtzer, 2009, p. 10). The demand for organic products is increasing every year as people use marginal analysis to justify the higher expense for organic products: Do the benefits out weight the costs? Consumer mistrust in conventional food producers, who add harmful dyes, trans-fats, and high fructose corn syrups to products, is another variable driving the organics market. Environmentalists are also another market force mechanism contributing to the demand for organic products because organic farming reduces environmental pollution. The emergence of organic food is directly linked to an amalgam of food safety and health concerns, which directly relate to ingestion of chemicals used to grow, treat, and preserve foods. The organic food industry has shown consistent global growth over the last two decades and is projected to continue to grow until 2018 (Research and markets adds report: United States organic food market report 2013-2018, 2014). The organic food market has grown 3,400 % in the last 25 years (Flynn, 2014). Organics are divided into several categories such as, fruits and vegetables, dairy, meat, and packaged organic products. In 2014 annual organic food sales, mainly fruits and vegetables, reached $35 billion, $290 billion if packaged products are included, up from $1 billion in 1990s (Flynn, 2014). The United States and Europe have the highest demand for organic products compared to other nations (Lohr, n. d. p. 68). Identifying potential organic product consumers is a challenge, but some market research has shown consumers who choose to purchase organic products are generally well educated, millennials, higher income families, and households with children (Dimitri Oberholtzer, 2009, ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 5 p. 4-5). The United States consumes approximately 44% of the global organics market followed by Europe at 41% (Aggarwal, 2014 p. 3). The remaining countries that contribute to the consumption and export of organic foods may have difficulty in exporting goods due to individual national standards and export acts (Aggarwal, 2014 p. 3). Demand for organic products is not central to one part of the world; many countries and cultures realize the importance of consuming foods free of harmful chemicals. Supply Demand has grown for organic products; however, there is a shortage of organic farming land, which may negatively impact supply. The organic industry is constrained by its supply chain; there are only so many farms to produce organic goods and organic goods can only be shipped so far. According to the 2012 U. S. Census of Agriculture, there are now around 17,000 organic farms in the U. S. out of an estimated 2. 1 million total farms; acreage used for organic agriculture accounts for just 0. 6 percent of all U. S. farmland, while organic food sales make up over 4 percent of the total annual food sales. (Young, 2014) The organic farm shortage is an important variable to the organic industry because consumers who tend to purchase organic products generally want to support local farmers in a grass roots type of movement; excluding climate specific food such as, bananas, coffee, limes, and pineapples (Greene, 2013). Contributing to the supply shortage in the United States are strict national standards set in place by the USDA and strict requirements for potential farmers looking to transition into the organic industry. Also contributing to the shortage in organic food and ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 6 products are large box retail stores, such as Whole Food Markets, Wal-Mart, Tesco, and Target. Wal-Mart is the United States’ largest grocer and is competing for organic goods to remain competitive against its competitors, such as Target, which has made agreements with organic producers to supply products for its stores (Hopkinson, 2014). Partnering with organic companies, large retail box stores have created their own brands of organic products to reduce costs associated with providing customers a wide range of product choice. Price Changes Due to Supply and Demand: Historically, organic food is more expensive than conventional food (Dimitri Oberholtzer, 2009, p. 5). Organic food prices come with a premium due to costs involved in growing and harvesting crops. Prices are set through the suppliers because the organic standards restrict the certification of potential farmers. The certification process slows down potential farmers entering the industry, which reduces the number of producers available to farm the produce and make products. The reduction in organic products available reduces supply and increases demand. Market shelf placements of organic foods are fetching premiums and farmers are realizing the advantages of entering the market. As demand rises for organic products, the current producers are not able to sustain sufficient crop production compared to industry growth. In any competitive market, when demand rises so does opportunity. Due to the premium prices associated with producing products in the organic industry, many farmers may potentially conform to industry standards and convert their farms. The potential for commercial organic farms may also increase due to the undeniable growth of the industry. As more competition enters the organic industry, prices will drop. Large retail box stores, such as Whole Food Markets, Wal-Mart, Tesco, and Target may also have a significant effect on the price of organic ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 7 foods and products. Wal-Mart’s expansion into the organic market has the capability to reduce organic food prices alone due to the numbers of stores across the nation. In conclusion, the undeniable growth in the organic industry is a product of consumer mistrust of conventional growers, mainly due to toxic chemicals used in the production of food. The growth of the organic food industry is directly related to food safety and health conscious consumers who do not mind spending more money to consume uncontaminated products. Consumer demand has been the driving force of much of the organic industry since the end of the recession in 2009. The high consumer demand for organic food is part of an initiative from well-educated people, millennials, higher income families, and households with children, resulting in a 3,400% in the last 25 years creating a $35 billion industry (Flynn, 2014). With the high demand for organic goods, suppliers are unable to maintain sustainable level operations due to lack of organic farmland. Many of the problems associated with the organic food industry are centered on strict certifications that are necessary to maintain product integrity; the stringent certifications are creating supply shortages. The strict organic standards hinder potential farmers from entering into the organic industry. For example, farmers must be pesticide free for at least three years before being certified to produce organic food. Large retail box stores are recognizing the growth of the organic food industry and are currently adding more products annually, but even so, demand exceeds supplies. As the organic food industry continues to grow, prices for organic goods should reduce due to the increased competition in the market. ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 8. References Aggarwal, P. (2014). Supply chain management of locally grown organic food: A leap toward sustainable development. Retrieved from http://www. cognizant. com/InsightsWhitepapers/Supply-Chain-Management-of-Locally- grown-Organic-Food-A-Leap-Toward-Sustainable-Development-codex928. pd Dimitri, C. , Oberholtzer, L. (2009). Marketing U. S. organic foods recent trends from farms to consumers. USDA, Economic Research Service, (58). Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda.gov/media/185272/eib58_1_. pdf Flynn, D. (2014). Report: Organic industry achieved 25 years of fast growth through fear and deception, Food Safety News. Retrieved from, http://www. foodsafetynews. com/2014/04/report-fast-growing-organics-industry-is- intentionally-deceptive/#. VL0ILWd0xjo Greene, C. (2013). Growth patterns in the U. S. organic industry. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1518534011? accountid=35796 Hopkinson, J. (2014). Will Wal-Mart gobble up organic food supply? Retrieved from http://www. politico. com/story/2014/04/walmart-organic-food-105631. html Lohr, L. (n.d. ). Factors affecting international demand and trade in organic food products. USDA, Economic Research Service. Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/293617/wrs011j_1_. pdf ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 9 Organic. (2015). In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/organic Research and markets adds report: United States organic food market report 2013-2018. (2014). Manufacturing Close Up, Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1498350288? accountid=35796 Young, T. (2014). Organic check-off. Retrieved from https://ota. com/organic-check.

Coca cola Company, Changes and challenges

Coca cola Company, Changes and challenges The main objective of this work is to provide necessary knowledge about business environment. To elaborate the demographic, cultural, political, social, environmental, technological, economical and legal environment where business function. It also explains the relationship among business, environment and society as well as how to adopt the changing environment in the organization. This paper will analyse the changes and challenges in Coca Cola Company in last five years and how company deal with them. 2. Introduction Environment means the influences, circumstances, constraints and opportunities that surround and affect business organization. There are two kinds of environment micro environmental factor and macro environmental factor. Internal factors close to the organization called macro environment. It can be controlled by organization. Micro environmental factor affects the company ¿Ã‚ ½s decision making process and performance. These factors include consumers, suppliers, and competitors. The external factors which affect organization ¿Ã‚ ½s plans and strategies called macro environment. It is uncontrolled by the business organization. Which includes Political, economic, technological, social, environmental and legal factors. These factors are outside of the control of business. New laws, demography changes, tax changes government policy changes are the example of macro change. The successful management must be capable to adapting to the environment. It is important for an organization to know about business environment it helps to a business organization to develop its strategies and long term policy, knowing about the changing environment will keep the organization dynamic in its approach. (Saikh 2006). Moreover, it is important for business organization to analysis business environment and changes in different factors of environment such as, change in technological environment, economical environment. In decision making process, organization analysis various alternatives and choose the best one. It gives information to decision makers. It helps an organization to develop strategies and policies, understanding about changing environment help to diversify the business in new area and keep company dynamic (Jain et al 2009). In addition, changing in business environment impact on organization by making effective use of PESTEL business organization can take advantages of changing environment and make strategic plans for threats. PESTEL analysis is the most popular method which focuses on external factors of business where it operates. It is beneficial tools for understand the growth and decline of the market, direction for the operations, opportunities and business position. SWOT analys is is a tool that recognizes the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of business organization. This analysis answer the two questions, where is organization at present? And In what direction organization is going? To identify of SWOT analysis is important for business organization because succeeding in planning process for achieving the company ¿Ã‚ ½s goal. 3. Organisation Description and background The Coca Cola Company is the most valuable brand name and world ¿Ã‚ ½s largest non alcoholic beverage company. This company was founded in 1886 in united state of America. Now it operates in more than 200 countries. Coca cola also distributes juice, energy drinks, water, and coffee. The company has partnership with more than 300 bottling and canning company worldwide. Who produce and sell coca cola beverages worldwide. The bottling partners are responsible for consumer brand marketing initiatives, handle manufacturing and merchandising. John pemberrtion invented the original recipe of cocawine. Which was inspired by vin mariani, a popular cocawine invented by Angelo mariani. John Pemberton developed coca cola which was non alcoholic version of cocawine. When Pemberton was making drinks for his friend accidently he added carbonated water. His friend liked the test and he adjusts the formula. In 1888 company sold by three companies. Calder purchased one company with exclusive rights to the cocla cola formula from Woolfolk Walker, margate dozier and john Pemberton cut out of competition. In 1982 company started marketing the product and achieved status of national icon for the USA by its 50th anniversary. Coca cola started sold bottles in 1894 and cans in 1955. In 1899 Coca Cola Company made first bottling agreement with Chattanooga and Tennessee. In 1985, company introduce new coke by changing original formula. Most consumers preferred the test of original coca cola. Many people stop to buy the Product then company sh ift back to its original Formula. 4. Coca Cola Business Environment Over the past years, Coca Cola Company has faced lots of changes in the business environment. Company create counterpart with American sweet test product however, it was commercial failure and coca cola change its strategy and return back to its old formula. Consumers become more health conscious then company lunch new product to address consumer needs, such as diet coke and coca cola zero. Company bought bottling business in South Korea which allow to access in retail store as well as makes easy to entry in Japan, Malaysia and china. Moreover, china is now largest coke consumer in world. In 2007 coca cola output of coke in china was 3.6bn tons and it was export 15.3 m tons. By the end of 2007 coke total production in china was 360 million tons. In addition, from 2008 to 2009 company introduced new plant which capacity was 20 million tons. The target of china ¿Ã‚ ½s coke industry is export large quantity of production countries such as, India, Brazil, Belgium and Japan. In 2007, china export to Japan 22% of its total production. This report shows development and positive change in environment of coke ¿Ã‚ ½s industry in china. (China daily, newspaper website) 4.1 Political factors: Coca cola, the non alcoholic beverages falls in the category under the FDA (food and drugs administration) and government has power to set fine for the coca cola company that didn ¿Ã‚ ½t meet their standard law requirement. The charges in laws and regulations, such as taxation requirements, environmental laws and foreign jurisdictions can affect to their entry in foreign land. The changes in non alcoholic beverage Business Company might get pricing pressures, competitive product and their ability to maintain the share in global market. In international market if government change frequently their might be restriction to transfer funds from one country to another. However Coca Cola Company is fallowing the rules and regulation set by government. Since last two years government is so conscious about the environment. Company adjustments in planets and proper way of wastage settlement the chance of affected by the protection laws are decline. Political conditions are overall leave natu ral effects on coca cola industry. It impact good for the cock ¿Ã‚ ½s reputation. 4.2 Economical factors: Economic analysis explores national and world economy impact as well as inflation and recession. Economic factors are those factors that affect the production and sales of the company. If the economy condition is not good at that time coke decide to increase its price it would impact very negative in the production of Coke. Non alcoholic beverage industry has highly sales outside the USA. There has been improvement in soft drink Company in major international markets like Brazil, Germany and Japan. These markets play great role to growth of non alcoholic industry. The country like Pakistan where is the unemployment rate is very much high. In Pakistan coca cola company employs1800 people. During the last two years, the company in Pakistan has involved $130 million. If economic variables are positive of country it impact good otherwise the impact is bad. 4.3 Social factors: Many people are spending healthier lifestyle. Change in lifestyle, population growth rate and carrier attitudes affect non alcoholic industry so that many people like to have bottle water and colas instead of beer. The need of healthy products, bottle water, and juice is more important in the daily life. Consumers from the age of 37 to 55 are more concerned with nutrition. Older age people are becoming more concerned with increasing their long life. This kind of social trend can affect on demand of non alcoholic beverage industry. Increase in awareness among consumer and modern life style might be challenge to the coca cola company. However, company recognized the consumer ¿Ã‚ ½s needs and began to produce diet coke, like beverage, juice and sport drinks. Many nutritionists advise that maximum consumption of coca cola might be harmful to health especially to young children. Drinking of coca cola daily can effect on health after few years. 4.4 Technology factors: The technology of television and internet which affects companies advertising, marketing and promotional programs. Media advertise product attractively it helps to increase sales of the product. Introduction of plastic bottles and cans have increased the sales of coca cola. It is easy to use and bin them. The advancement in technology led to company crate new product like cherry cock in 1985 but consumer prefers original test of coca cola so that some time technology can affect badly. Coca Cola Company introduces new technology all the time because of introduction of new machine company ¿Ã‚ ½s production level increase tremendously. Ardagh glass is the latest technological achievement by Coke Company which is environmentally friendly bottle. It has won several awards for its light weight. 4.5 Environmental factors: Coca cola focused on energy management, water stewardship and climate protection. The company made progress in these areas but company has lot of things to do. In 2007, company used approximately 300 billion liters of water to produce beverage coke is among the world ¿Ã‚ ½s largest purchasers of fructose corn syrup, sugar, coffee, citrus. It has largest consumers of cans and bottles. At the same time company announced to return to communities and nature. An amount of water equal how much company used to produce their beverage. Now company has three objective 1. Recycle the water so it can be return safely to the environment. 2. Reduce the water consumption level in manufacturing process. 3. Refill the water in communities through a global network of local partnership. While the coca cola come up with advance recycling programs company decides through education they can prevent Littre. Company support keep Australia beautiful in Australia, keep America beautiful in USA and tidy Britain group in Britain. Weather and changes in temperature can affect many industries such as coke. Company also invested on fashionable outfits which are made by recycle polyethylene terephthalate bottles. 4.6 Legal factors: Laws, political changes affect firm ¿Ã‚ ½s behaviour. An increase in the minimum wages of labour and more requirements for firms can influence organisation productivity. Sometime change in laws also creates new opportunities for the company. There are some legal issue that Coca Cola Company had faced in recent years. In 1970 ¿Ã‚ ½s coca cola company refuse to share its formula to India therefore company stop to product locally for 16 years. EU member ¿Ã‚ ½s countries ban the coca cola due to the poisoning of 100 children in Belgium and cause seems to be wrong carbon dioxide which was used in coca cola. In 2003, non government organisation in India said coca cola contained toxins with lindane, and malathion that may caused breakdown of immune system and cancer. In India (kerala), the production of coke along with other soft drinks was banded. 5. Changes and Challenges: The non alcoholic industry is competitive. Company should carefully consider below factors which affect financial condition and its future result. Awareness may reduce demand of coke: Government officials and consumers are more concerned and aware about health. Many press reports indicate that lawyers and consumer advocates have threatened by company. Furthermore, misleading exercise related to contract to sell soft drink in school. Consumers are more aware about these issues and negative publicity in media may reduce the sales of carbonated beverage. Increase in competition: The non alcoholic beverage industry is highly competitive. Coke have to compete with international companies as we as local companies where it function. In many countries where coke operates including USA, Pepsi is a primary competitor in the market. Coke ¿Ã‚ ½s capability to maintain the sales of share or get profit in the global market or various local markets may be limited because of competitors. Water scarcity and poor quality Water is main ingredient for Coca Cola Company. Many part of the world it is also limited resources. Company consume huge amount of water per year. Demand of water increase around the world and quality of available water decline this will increase the production cost of the company and affect on profit. Change in non alcoholic beverages business environment: The business of non alcoholic beverage has been changing because of Consumers life style, emerging views of health and nutrition, changing consumer needs and preferences, increase in similar products and price factor. Furthermore, the beverage industry is being affected by the intermediates, especially in USA and European countries. If Coca Cola Company is not able to change along with changing business environment it will effect on company ¿Ã‚ ½s profit and sales of share. Increasing in cost of energy: Coca cola Company ¿Ã‚ ½s bottling partners operates huge number of trucks and other vehicles as well as they use large quantity of electricity, gas and other energy sources to function the bottling company. Day by day price of fuel is increasing it will increase in the production cost of coca cola company. So it will affect the company ¿Ã‚ ½s profit. Weather condition: Weather influence the sales of the coca cola where company function. In summer more people prefer cold drinks such as juice and sprite however, in winter the demand of product decrease. Some part of world where most of month ¿Ã‚ ½s temperature is always high in those places consumption of coca cola is maximum. Change is important, long-lasting and disruptive Changes in company create some opportunities as well as challenges in new areas of business. Such as, lunch fresh product in the market, company might encounter with economic crisis and to change the direction of the organization. Change is continuous process to adjustment: Change in plans strategies and operations are important for company. Furthermore, sharing these changes to managers, supervisors and all level employees make able to them adjust properly to face the changing environment. Moreover, change is an essential phase in the business world mainly in technology. Use of technologies in coca Cola Company reduces the operation cost and increase the profit of the company. There are so many situations company need to change such as advancement in technology that is being used by other similar companies to compete with them company should adopt the technology. In 2007 coca cola modify their product due to people are more concern about health and fitness. Many people are investing more money in their health in order to cope with that trend coke lunch their new product named Enviga, which is calories burning drink. In addition, Coca Cola Company is ties up with Nestle. Both companies are dealing with invation and change. In same year, company change in organisational structure to fulfil the demand and need of the consumers through assimilating with North American can, bottle and juice company. 6. Conclusion: The coca Cola Company keep on refresh everybody its touches. The product of company has multiply to approach of cultural gratitude and understand, this is main key factor that company introduce its product worldwide. Company entry and development in international market will be faster. Coke ¿Ã‚ ½s commitment to remain at changing environment proved that they are the superior among other non alcoholic product. Awareness of environmental issues and health care might impact on the sales of the company however; creative idea and strategy help to grow the business. Coke has developed the entire vital component to expand their business in long term. 7. Recommendation Reward system is an effective technique to motive employee in changing environment of the organisation. Coca Cola Company should apply reward system to its employees so that it will increase in productive and sales. Reward system can be financial or non financial nevertheless, company have to give fair importance to all level employees. Reward system of coke must be functional to make employees devoted to organizational goals. In addition, Training and development programme must be use to groom career of their employees at top to bottom level. Coca Cola Company has to declare some amount of money for training and development purpose. Monthly training session raise the productivity of the organization. Relationship with consumer is vital for Coke Company in some country where Business is controlled by the authorities, in those countries there is a lack of consumer relationship which need to improve. Coke need to market segmentation in new country where company is planning to introduce the product because consumer ¿Ã‚ ½s need, test is different from another country. By doing market segmentation company can serve effectively to its consumers. Demographic factor should be considered by Coca Cola Company. Culture, tradition and characteristics of consumer in new country might be different; it gives information to the company to change certain plans. There are some factors such as climate, test and culture Affect Company directly or indirectly so individual company need to apply their own strategic and management style to increase the sales of coca cola.  ¿Ã‚ ½Dividing a market in to direct groups of buyers who might require separate marketing mixes; the process of classifying consu mers into groups with different needs, characteristics and behaviour ¿Ã‚ ½ (Kotler, 2001). Ref. Sheikh, s.2006 Business environment press sanat printers New Delhi By TR Jain, Mukesh Trehan, Ranju Trehan 2009 business environment(http://books.google.com/books?id=AgWNmP4blhoCpg=PA21dq=what+is+business+environmenthl=enei=WRdcTM-lKIi74gaos5HwAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CD0Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepageqf=false Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of Marketing (9th Ed.). Prentice-Hall India Kotler, 2001 p. 46). http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/investors/pdfs/10-K_2005/Coca-Cola_10-K_Item_01ab.pdf By TR Jain, Mukesh Trehan, Ranju Trehan 2009 business environment(http://books.google.com/books?id=AgWNmP4blhoCpg=PA21dq=what+is+business+environmenthl=enei=WRdcTM-lKIi74gaos5HwAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CD0Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepageqf=false http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2009-07/13/content_8420666.htm